The Islamic Republic of Pakistan

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is bordered in the north-west by Afghanistan, north by the former USSR and China, east by India and south by the Arabian Sea. The Muslim state that emerged from partition of British India on 14 August 1947 included an eastern wing comprising mainly the eastern half of Bengal province and parts of Assam. (The name Pakistan is coinage representing ‘Punjab, the Afghan border states, Kashmir, Sing and Baluchistan') For nine years Pakistan remained a dominion. It was proclaimed an Islamic republic on 23 March 1956.A federal parliamentary system functioned until-Field -Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan seized power in a coup in October 1958. Ayub proclaimed a presidential system in the constitution of 1962 and ruled until March 1969, when he was deposed by Gen. Yahya Khan. In the first free elections in December 1970, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan People's Part dominated the west, while Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Awami League swept the board in the east, winni ng 160 of the 162 seats. East Pakistan proclaimed sovereignty and formed the People's Republic of Bangladesh on 26 Narcg 1971.Civil war followed after Yahya, supported by Bhutto, ordered troops to arrest Mujib and put down the Bengali uprising. The east-west war ended in December 1971. Yahya handed over power to Bhutto, who ruled until July 1977, before being over-thrown after an opposition campaign against alleged rigging in general elections. Gen. Zia-ul-Haq took over-initially to hold elections and transfer power to a civilian regime. But elections were twice postponed and Bhutto was tried for the murder of a political opponent and executed. Gen.Zia was killed in a plane crash on August 17, 1988 and Senate Chairman Ghulam Ishaq Khan took over as Action President. The country was placed under emergency rule. In the general election held on November 16,1998 the Pakistan People's Part (PPP) led by Benazir Bhutto won the largest number of seats (92). Benazir assumed office as the PM on December 9. Ghulam Ishaq Khan was elected President on December 12. Benazir was dismissed in Aug. '90 and Nawaz Sharif of Islami Jamhoori Ittehed took over as Pakistan's 11th Prime Minister on November 5. Sharief was dismissed in 1993.The Supreme Court annulled the dismissal leading to constitutional impasse. Moeen Qureshi took over as caretaker Prime Minister in July. PPP returned to power in Oct. '93 and Ms. Bhotto took over as PM once again. In Apr. ;96, Imran Khan launched a new part ‘Movement for Social Justice'. In Nov. , Ms. Bhutto was dismissed as PM, the National Assembly dissolved, and M. M. Khalid appointed caretaker PM. On Feb. 17, 1997, Nawaz Sharif was sworn in as Pakistan's 13th PM. Tensions between the military and PM Sharif ended in a coup by army chief. Gen. Pervez Musharraf on Oct. 12, 1999. Nawaz Sharif was later exiled to Saudi Arabia. e was convinced and sentenced to 25-year-long life sentence on charges of hijacking and terrorism. Pakistan was suspend ed (Oct. 18, 19999) from the Commonwealth. A milestone in Indo-Pak relations was the Lahore bus ride by Indian PM Vajpayee in Feb. 1999. Ethnic and communal conflict that had been raging in Karachi intensified in 1995. The Urdu-speaking Muhajirs are demanding equal rights and autonomy. in Jan-Aug, '97, over 150 persons were killed in Shia-Sunni violence, and at least 250 were shot dead in Karachi. In Aug. , government enacted a new law to combat the growing sectarianism and terrorism.Elections are to be held in Oct. 2002, as per Supreme Court order and judgment. Kashmir: Pakistan controls the northern and western portions of Kashmir, an area of about 84,160 sq km with a population of about 2. 8m. in 1985. The pak-occupied Kashmir has its own Assembly, its own Council, High Court and Supreme Court. There is a Parliamentary form of Government with a Prime Minister as the executive head and the President as the constitutional head. The seat of government is Muzaffarabad. The Pakistan G overnment is directly responsible for Gilgit and Baltistan (the north).On May 28, 1998, Pakistan tested five nuclear devices and this was followed by a sixth one on May 3. Agriculture )including forestry and fishing) is the mainstay of Pakistan's economy, employing about 50% o the working population and providing about 25% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The entire area in north and west is covered by great mountain ranges. The rest of the country consist soft a fertile plain wintered by five big rivers and their tributaries. Agriculture is dependent almost entirely on the irrigation system based on these rivers.The main crops are wheat, cotton, maize, sugar-cane and rice, while the Quetta and Kalat divisions (Baluchistan) are known for their fruits and dates. Pakistan is self-sufficient in wheat, rice and sugar. Industry employs about 10% of the population. Manufacturing contributes about 20% to GNP. Refined sugar, vegetable products, jute textiles, soda ash, sulphur acid, caustic soda, chip board and paper board, bicycles, cotton cloth, cotton yarn, cement and steel. Main exports are cotton cloth, cotton yarns, rice, leather, carpets and tapestries. There are international airports at Karachi, Islamabad, lahore, Peshwar and Quetta.

The value of friendship

True friendship is one of the most important asset that human has and true friendship surpass any obstacle and test of times. We are born as social beings and no human can live alone like an island.Although this is taken literally most of the times, no one understands the value of those around you not until you are left alone one day in a situation you need help. Grieve (2008) assert that in every aspect of our life, we interact with people in different ways. It is through interaction with people that we are socialized to the society. However it is not everyone in our life that we get along with.There are individuals who we become close confidants to, who we can term as true friends.   Although it is usual to make and lose friends, there are friends who have a great impact in our life and whose memory lives to our old age. These are who we call true friends.   True friends are hard to come by and when we lose them, we do feel that a part of us has been taken away.A true friend is one who is ready to sincerely do anything for you in value of your friendship. However most of the times we take our friendship for granted and we may not be committed to like our friends are. According to Donegani et al., (2006) despite this, true friendship will survive all odds and the bond between the two friends survives beyond the reason for the end of their friendship.True friends are bonded by a strong bond in a way that although they may be separated psychically, their hearts longs for the other and what remains in their friendship is the melancholic memories of the times they shared together.A wise saying says no one knows the value of water until the well dries and this can be applied to our friends. We never know the value of our friends not until we are separated. As we said, most of the time will be taking our friendship casually not realizing their value in our life.However when we are separated, we start seeing difference in our life. Lonely moments starts crawling in our life and we spend long days thinking about the good times we had before. Although we may try our foot in making other friends, we never fell satisfied. We still miss the days we spend with our friends. It is true to assert that true friendship surpass any obstacle and test of timesDuring my high school days, I learnt the value of friendship in the hard way. I was sad and lonely girl in my childhood as I grew at home as the only child. My parents were both full time workers and I spent most of my time in the house alone.My life brightened when I went to school as I interacted with other children and made friends. Among the friends I made in my junior school, Jane could be considered as a true friend. Our friendship blossomed as we were in the same class and lived in the same neighborhood. We spent our time together, played together, ate together, and bonded the same bus to school; our friendship was the center of our life.We were close confidant with one another and we shared our innermost feeling. Furthermore we were faced by the same condition at home since Jane was still the only child in the family and her parents were full time worker.When we were not in school, we spent our time together either in our home or in their home. I cherished each and every moment I spent with Jane. I felt a different person in her company, my eyes brimmed with happiness and my heart was filled with joy like child curdled by her mother. I felt like Jane was my sister and I real took her like my sister.On our birthday, we showered each other with gifts and up to date, I still have the old doll that she bought me on my eight birthdays. However, fate had it that our friendship would not grow beyond out middle classes. When we went to high school, things changed rapidly which left me a lonely person in life.I have come to believe that very precious things which you value most in you life are the one which you are most likely to lose and in a more painful way. I did not think that our friendship with Jane be broken by any third party.However this came to in our first year in high school. Our parents had decided to take us to the same high school since they realized the value of our friendship and they encouraged us to be there for each other.  Ã‚   One day, Jane came running to be in a very upbeat mood.   I could see that she was very excited and she told me that something very wonderful had happened in her life.I was very happy to see my friend that much excited but little did I know that the unfolding news would change our friendship and affect me in a great way. Jane informed that she had fallen in love with Kelvin, who was a new boy just admitted to the school. She informed me that Kelvin had approached her and she cold not resist since she had strong feeling towards him.I advised her about the difficulties she may face dealing with her boyfriend and committing her time to education but she assured me that she would manage it. Upon pondering the news, I told her that this was her decision but I cautioned her to be very careful. She promised me that she would be extra careful and would not relent on her educational goal of becoming a doctor. However, I had one concern about our friendship.I felt that Jane would spend most of her time with her new boyfriend. With a thoughtful expression, I asked Jane: â€Å"Is your new friendship going to a break up our close friendship?†Ã‚   Jane looked at me and replied straight to my face â€Å"Don’t by like that, of course you know that I love you more that anything. You are my best friend and nothing can separate us.Don’t you believe me?† for something thins were as usual but with time I noted that Jane was avoiding my companionship and she was spending more time with her boyfriend.   I started feeling sadder and lonely. My childhood days crawled back in my life.   When I thought about the words Jane had uttered straight to my face, I felt she was a liar a nd she did not value me at all.   With time, our friendship died away and I felt sadder.One day, Jane borrowed my book and she lost it. I could not control my anger and I hurled words at there calling her a liar and untrustworthy friend. She reiterated and hit me hard with her lunch box. Our friendship was as dead as a dodo.Only melancholic memories of our past that remained, hunting me on daily bases. This was just the begging and more lonely days came when were separated after high school.   However, true friendship does not end and although you may be separated physically, you are together at heart.

Description of the Film Separation by Asghar Farhadi Assignment - 1

Description of the Film Separation by Asghar Farhadi - Assignment Example This provides the basis for the conflict within the movie. The characters in the movie are believable and have been developed effectively to depict the setting and themes of the story. The producer manages to use a mix of innocence, temperament, wisdom, and naivety among the characters to bring out the story. Within the conflict between Nader and Simin, the director manages to bring in a different perspective by introducing the innocence of their daughter Termeh. The judges of the family court are presented through the story as wise and prudent. This is evident from both cases involving the divorce filed by the warring family. In the first instance, they rebuffed the claims of Simin by insisting that the complications were insufficient. However, they finally warrant the divorce after analyzing the situation and the irreconcilable differences. The producer holds off Nader’s temper until the point where he boiled over. Symbolism has been used in the movies to great effect. The title of the movies, A Separation, is the main symbol used throughout the movie. The separation that was intended to be away from Tehran eventually turns into one between Simin and Nader as the story concludes. Other instances of separation within the movie include Razieh separating from the traditions in order to be able to provide for her family. Terhem is initially separated from her mother then later by her father. The other elements of separation within the story include Nader father’s death and the miscarriage. The separation, which was disclosed at the beginning of the story in the divorce case, was also a consequence of another attempt to separate from the environment in Teheran. There is an array of thought provoking themes that are presented in the movie A Separation. Social division is the major theme that is explored in the movie. The divisions within the movie have been perpetrated using perceptions around religion, occupation, gender, and age.  Ã‚  

Events Tourism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Events Tourism - Coursework Example Festivals can promote the historical and cultural backgrounds of a country. With the help of festivals, the cultural identity of the local people gets highlighted and there is also a sharing of culture with people coming from other countries. Moreover, festivals provide the opportunities to develop the infrastructure of the city and can also be a source of employment. Since festivals help in promoting tourism, many other services connected with tourism get benefited like hotels, restaurants and transport system of the cities in which the festivals are held. Festivals with proper cultural events can be used by the local authorities as a marketing tool to uphold the cultural profiles of their cities and to establish positive images of their cities. It is important that public and private companies come forward to organize festivals in large scale in order to attract people from all over the world. This paper will discuss Kumbh Mela, which is a world famous Indian festival that is held every year in Prayag near Allahabad, and attracts hundreds and thousands of people from across the world. Kumbha Mela is considered as one of the major religious festivals in the world. It is a festival that attracts people from other countries thus this festival plays a huge role in promoting tourism in India since foreigners are equally attracted to the Kumbh Mela like the millions of Indian religious devotees. The foreigners come with cameras to capture the glorious moment and get overwhelmed by the gathering of millions of people in the name of religion. Kumbh Mela is a festival of Hindu religion. It is based upon a Hindu mythological story according to which Gods and demons agreed to share the nectar of immortality. However, the demons stole the nectar which was contained in a Kumbh which means pot. The Gods and demons then fought for twelve nights and twelve days for the nectar. This duration equals to twelve years for

The Fashioned Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Fashioned Body - Essay Example The essay "The Fashioned Body" discusses the topic of Gender Identity and Social Norms. These include biological factors such as genetic constitution. Social factors also influence gender identity. This paper discusses how one set of social factors, namely social norms, influences a person's perception of being a man or a woman. In order to accomplish this task, backgrounds on gender identity and social norms will be discussed. Thereafter, specific aspects of social norms and how they affect gender identity will be examined. Sigmund Freud is largely held as the father of modern psychoanalysis. In 1905, Freud presented their theory of psychological development in a publication titled Tree Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Freud claimed and purported to prove that prior to birth, infants do not distinguish between the sexes(Elgstrom, 2000). To them, both the father and the mother have the same reproductive organs and abilities. Based on this, Freud inferred that that originally, a per son is wired to be bisexual. They added that heterosexuality was the result of repression during infancy when gender identity becomes embedded in the infant. According to Freud, at this stage, the child experiences sexual fantasies for the parent of the opposite sex while developing hatred for the parent of the same sex. The problem with Freud is that they tried to explain everything in terms of sex and sexuality. For instance, they are on record for claiming that the reason a farmer engages in crop farming.

Consultancy business report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Consultancy business report - Term Paper Example organization that has progressed or has a vision for a brighter future is can be gagged by an analysis of how it takes care or manages its human resources. The saddest fact in the recent trend has been to assume or overlook the roles human resources play in a particular organization. With the current age of automation, scores of managers looks upon the machines as vital components for executing their business strategies. They tend to shift their focus from the human aspect of their business operations and concentrate on the technological aspect. On the same note, the current business age calls for comprehensive strategies from business organizations that aim to remain in the market. With globalization as the target mark for many companies, every business organization will strive to achieve it. However, the only route for the achievement of the same lays in the careful planning and implementations of an all inclusive market related plans that are termed as corporate strategies. The fo rmulation and implementations of corporate strategies has been seen as a decisive tool in the growth of a company only if a proper correlation between the same and the human capital has been made. For a long time, human capital has been only valued in terms of their labor output per unit; with their roles in the implementation of corporate ignored in most cases. This paper looks into the links between corporate strategy and human resources with due considerations to Sedibeng breweries from South Africa. A strategy is simply a plan that is aimed at making a company or a business organization to market itself to attain a larger share of market from its competitors (Miller, 1989). Thus, the process is entirely a marketing plan that is aimed at making that particular business unit to have a relatively different and unique platform that will distinguish its activities from those of its competitors, to gain a competitive advantage. If the management’s plan of making the company to gain a

Achieving the NAEYC Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Achieving the NAEYC Standards - Essay Example I met this standard. I got to understand what young children are like; understood what influences their development; and used this understanding to create great environments where all children can thrive. During my internship, I took part in various voluntary activities whereby I engaged personally with individual children. For instance, in the first day I hold a child who is five months, and he was crying; I sat with him and played with him by using different toys, and I used a toy to teach him the colors (red, green, yellow, and blue.) The first couple of weeks was very informative and built block throughout the entire internship; I observed a lot. It is important for any professional teacher to get to know and develop an understanding of children in their classroom. These observations helped me get a deeper view of the thinking and reasoning skills these children possessed. Hence, it gave me an easier time creating any game that would point them in the right direction such as I ma de a traffic light which helped them to understand what they saw every day on the street when they came to the school. I put it in the outdoor play and, I explained that red means stop, yellow means slow down, and green means go. Then, they pretended that they were the policemen who controlled the traffic. They were very active and happy, and they loved it. Thus, through the sensitive nature the simple it was to meet their learning needs and develop a productive and comfy environment for teaching and learning.

Geothermal Energy and its Potential Applications in the United States Essay

Geothermal Energy and its Potential Applications in the United States - Essay Example Geothermal energy is classified amongst the group of renewable energy sources: these forms of power utilize energy flows from natural processes like the suns radiation, wind, running water and in this case, magma heated water(" Renewable Energy", Wikipedia). Renewable sources replace the drawn energy through natural processes. In this sense, geo power is not strictly renewable as it is possible to exhaust a particular source by drawing it out faster than it can be replenished. It is most definitely sustainable by re-injecting the spent fluid back into the earth to be reheated. Since it is derived from the earths own heat it can be utilized almost any where in the world, though currently it has only been done so predominantly in the West. It is also one of the cleaner forms of energy, with lower green house emissions than fossil fuels, puts less stress on the environment as it its power plants are small and it does not require dam construction or forest depletion (Geothermal Energy Facts,Geothermal Education Office). The most common application of geothermal power is electricity generation. In fact the United States alone uses 2,800MWe of electrical capacity and this is only a fraction of its capacity.(Fridleifson,n.d, www.crest.org). Idaho National Laboratories list three types of power plants for electricity generation and all three are hydrothermal in source, i.e from hot water reservoirs. (The first type is known as dry steam plants. Steam from underground reservoirs is pumped up into turbines and used to drive a generator. Flash steam plants utilize reservoirs with extremely high temperatures greater than 182 C. Here, water is driven to the surface under its own pressure. When it reaches the surface the pressure drop forces it to become steam and this is then used to drive a turbine. The third type, binary flows, make use of geothermal reservoirs with lower or milder heat conditions. Hot water, at temperatures lower than boiling (100 C), is pumped through a set of pipes known as heat exchan gers and is used to heat an organic volatile fluid in the other pies. The fluid then evaporates into steam which is used to power a generator. In all three types the condensed steam or water is re-injected into the fractures from wherein they were drawn thus replenishing the heat source. From the vastly different temperature ranges observed in the three methods listed, it is evident that even mild temperatures can be used to generate electricity. Considering the United States vast consumption of oil - more than 20.8 billion barrels per day, and its growth, the scope for more geothermal power plants is enormous. Currently, only 0.5% of the U.S. power is supplied by geothermal power.(U.S. Energy Policy,www.solcomhouse.com). Costs are also quite competitive, being only $0.05 -$0.08 per KWh (www.crest.org). Direct utilization of geothermal power for heating buildings and water is another option. This makes use of shallow ground water sources with lower temperatures (20-150C) and thus may be limited to those areas which have access to them. However it is an extremely cost effective method to heat greenhouses and homes, and can be used in small scale industry like fishfarming. Direct use systems make use of heat exchangers wherein the source water is pumped through one set of pipes and the heat

In the news 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

In the news 1 - Assignment Example Things have taken a new twist when Eduardo Campos was killed when a plane he was in crashed and the former environment minister was confirmed as his successor. Analysis predicts that Marina Silva as well as Rousseff have the same number of votes in the initial round that may result in a subsequent round of votes which may go in her favor. Miss Silva presents her candidature as a manner of fronting political renewal since she is neither a part of the Workers’ Party nor the PSDB which have been dominant in the politics of the country for the last twenty years. She has developed to be a viable alternative since she supports efforts towards change from both sides in Brazil while showing support for the business friendly policies making her win the sympathy of votes from the elite. It is ironic that her support amongst the middle class which has developed in the society in the last ten years is increasing among the Workers’ party administration. This may be happening as a result of people joining the formal job market and beginning to pay taxes which have changed their expectations. The Workers’ Party has lifted many Brazilians out of poverty through increases in minimum wage and school programs that have increased attendance. On the other hand, support dwindled when costs of transport started rising and police violence escalated in relation to the world cup. The approval ratings are rapidly decreasing but showed some improvement in July as a result of the World Cup running

Background about the public higher education in the Arabic Gulf State Essay

Background about the public higher education in the Arabic Gulf State Sadi Arabia , Qatar , UAE - Essay Example iversity for Petroleum and Minerals in 1963, King Abdul-Aziz University in 1967, Um Al-Qura University in 1967, Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University in 1974, and King Faisal University in 1975 (Alamri 2011, p88). The increase in the number of universities necessitated the establishment of the Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia’s higher education has undergone significant growth in the last 10 years. The higher education system has developed to include 18 government universities, 18 primary teacher’s colleges for men, 80 primary teacher’s colleges for women, 37 colleges, and institutes for health, 12 technical colleges, and 33 private colleges and universities. It is important to note that number of private universities in increasing constantly (Alamri 2011, p89). The Saudi Arabia Ministry of Education has put much emphasis on the development of higher education system. The ministry began an initiative to prepare a contemporary and a long-term plan for higher education. This will enable Saudi Arabia to fulfil most of the challenges in the creation of a sustainable academic process (AAFAQ 2005, p1). Saudi Arabia’s government sponsored human resources development has led to exponential growth in the quality and quantity of education. The number of students (male and female) in general and higher education phases have multiplied ten folds, from approximately 547, 000 students in 1970 to over 5.37 students in the year 2005. The persistent emphasis on human resources in the socio-economic development strategy has increased the quantity of students in higher education from 7, 000 in 1970 to approximately 604, 000 students in 2005. In other words, since the year 1970, the number of students multiplied by 86 times. In 2005, 58 percent of the students enrolled were female, while the other 42 percent was male. The number of female students enrolled at the bachelor level were 327, 500 (a representation of 64.7% of the undergraduates). The

Signal Cable Company Essay Example for Free

Signal Cable Company Essay Case 1: Signal cable company 1. Why has the stock price fallen despite the fact that the net income has increased? Ans: The stock price for Signal Cable company could have fallen for a variety of reasons. Stock price is influenced by the performance of the company, investor expectations as well as general market/economic conditions. In the case of Signal, it is clear that the stock price fell despite an increase in the net income. This could be possibly because the company might have made incorrect investment decisions by investing in two manufacturing plants as well tying up more money in inventory. Shareholders may not be happy with this decision and consequently the demand for the stock may have decreased causing a drop in price. In addition, the dividends offered by the firm has increased in 2004 from 0.187$ per share to 0.214$ per share. Once again, this could be indicative to the market of the company being uncertain of what to do with their resources and not having enough attractive investments to pursue. 2. How liquid would you say that this company is? Calculate the absolute liquidity of the firm. How does it compare with the previous year’s liquidity position? Ans: Short term solvency or the liquidity of a firm can be measured using the liquidity ratios. This is a measure of short term liquidity helping assess the sufficiency of current assets to meet current liabilities. The ratios include: i) Current Ratio: 2003= 2.50 2013= 2.06. The current ratio of the firm has decreased between the last 2 years. This is mainly driven by a huge increase in the inventory held by Signal Cable Company as well as an increase in the accounts receivables. This could be because creditors are not paying on or delays on the banking side. ii) Quick Ratio: 2004= 0.608

Idea Of Chivalry And Double Jeopardy Criminology Essay

Idea Of Chivalry And Double Jeopardy Criminology Essay The purpose of the Criminal Justice System is to deliver justice to all, by protecting innocent members of the society, to punish and convict criminals and to provide help to them in an attempt to stop them offending; at least that is what the society expects of the Criminal Justice System. It is supposed to deliver justice in a fair manner regardless of gender. However much is written that suggests otherwise. Chivalry, believed by Pollak (1960) is a theory which claims that women are treated in a less harsh way by the courts and prisons because of their nature as women, which then distorts criminal statistics. However, Gregory Leonard (1982/83) disregard the chivalry factor as the cause of a gender gap in crime and Heidensohn (1985 cited in Jewkes and Letherby 2002 p.180) illustrates the theory of chivalry in a case reported in the Daily Mirror in January 1978 where a mother flogged her eight-year old son with a belt, gave him cold baths and forced him to stand naked for hours at night. The mother was jailed but later allowed to go freely because the courts said she needed to look after her other child. This case is a great illustration of how women are more favoured by the courts than men. This view can be seen as ideological and unsociological as it is based on female biology. Carmen (1983 cited in Jewkes and Letherby 2002 p.183) quotes sherrifs if she is a good mother we dont want to take her away. If shes not it doesnt really matter. This shows that the sentencing of a woman is based on her nurturing nature being of good standard or otherwise. A Home office study research 170, titled Understanding the sentencing of women was a study which made an effort to address the lack of extensive research into the way women are sentenced. The main aim of the study was to establish how the Magistrates go about taking account of the substantive differences in mens and womens lives and their perceptions of justice. The study was in two parts, in part 1 a test carried out suggested that women were less likely than comparable males to receive a prison sentence but they were more likely to be discharged or sentenced to a community penalty. However it was suggested that instead of the findings being interpreted as a general policy of leniency towards women, it should rather be seen that the sentencers may be reluctant to fine a woman possibly because they may be penalising her children, rather than just herself. This may have been all well and good if it were the days when majority of women still upheld their stereotypical domestic role as mothers and keepers of the home. It is part of family ideology that a womans place is in the home, while a mans task is to out to work to earn the money to support his wife and children (Allan, G 1999, p.191). However, we now live in a society where women are now bread winners, house hold duties are also taken on by men, women divorce their husbands for one reason or the other and consequently leaving the children behind for the father to take care of them. The Criminal Justice System might not take into account when sentencing men, that some of them are actually both mother and father to the children and carry out the role of the mother. In part 2 of the study nearly 200 Magistrates were interviewed; the Magistrates said they found it difficult to compare their sentencing between men and women because they dealt with female offenders less frequently. Nonetheless, they distinguished between troubled and troublesome and tended to locate most women in the troubled category. It was par tly because women tended to be first offenders, facing less serious charges than men and because they behaved more respectfully in court. The Magistrates went on to say that because they regarding women offenders as troubled, they responded to their offending with measures (a discharge or probation) designed to assist them to lead law abiding lives rather than punishing them. In an article by Jason Bennetto in The Independent, it is said that more women are committing violent crimes, particularly street robbery, burglary and fighting, and that part of the problem believed to be causing this is the result of neglect, abuse and drug or alcohol addiction. According to a report, Crimes of Desperation 2008, a significant amount of crime committed by females is rooted in poverty. As much as poverty may be the driving force for some, others may simply be using the money they have to fund their drug and alcohol use and subsequently turning to crime to further fund their tendencies. A Survey of over 1,000 mothers in prison, appears to provide some support for this report, 54% said they had no money, 38% needed to support their children, 35% were on drugs or alcoholics, 33% had family problems and 33%had no job. Caddle and Crisp (1997 cited in Newburn, T 2007 p.809) It was argued firstly by Freda Adler and later Rita Simon that female crime rates had been increasing rapidly in the late 80s and early 1970s and that they were changing their offending patterns to more masculine styles; it was due to the growth of the modern womens movement. (Maguire, M. Morgan, R. Reiner, R. 2012) In an empirical research looking at whether men and women offend for similar reasons, it was in relation to property crime that women featured most heavily in, which led to some commentators arguing that many women became involved in criminal activity for mostly to provide for children or family in circumstances where there are limited legitimate opportunities. (Newburn, T. 2007) The point is that female delinquents are not perceived to be merely adopting behaviour more usually associated with males, they are portrayed as being chromosomally or genetically abnormal. This means that the treatment of such o ¬Ã¢â€š ¬enders becomes justi ¬Ã‚ able, the aims, intentionality and rationality of the deviant act are overlooked and the social and cultural conditions under which the act took place can be relegated to the vague status of environ- mental factors whose only role is to occasionally trigger the inherent path- ology of the deviant. Crime and delinquency can thereby be treated as an individual, not social, phenomenon Smart (n.d) An alternative view to that of chivalry is double jeopardy. Heidensohn (1985) suggesting that female offenders are subjected to double jeopardy, meaning that when they are on trial, they are not only on trial for the crime they committed but also also for their femininity. Also, if any, female offenders are penalized for their sexual misconduct, while the male counterparts are not. Therefore the courts operate a double standard for female offenders. Womens low share of recorded criminality has significant consequences for those women who do offend: they are seen to have transgressed not only social norms but gender norms as well. As a result they may, especially when informal sanctions are being taken into account, feel that they are doubly punished. (Maguire, M. Morgan, R. Reiner, R. 2012) In murder cases, women get tougher sentences than men do, because in most cases the murder is premeditated. The case of R v Ahluwalia (1992) is about a woman who was being sexually abused, bullied and violently abused by her husband. After 10 years of abuse, she decided shed had enough and she poured petrol over her husbands body and set fire to him, six days later he died. She was convicted of murder because according S.3 of the Homicide act 1957 there must be a sudden and temporary loss of self-control which she did not possess at the time she killed her husband. It was seen as pre meditated because the abuse took place over 10 years. The defendant was then sentenced to life imprisonment, but was later released. Another case is the one of Zoorah Shah who was given a life sentence for killing her boyfriend by putting arsenic in his food. The courts did not take into account the fact that she was beaten regularly and exploited by her boyfriend to be prostitute. These cases are a majo r contrast to the case of David Hampson: a man smashed the head of his wife with a hammer and killed her. His reason for the murder was that his wife had nagged him for years. The judge accepted his reason as a reasonable excuse to be provoked to kill someone. He was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to six years. Looking at these cases it shows the practicality of women being subjected to double jeopardy. It seems that these women are not only being punished for their crime but also because of their biological nature. Also, it seems to show that the courts believe that it is more acceptable for a man to lose his temper as opposed to a woman, because a womans nature is meant to be submissive, calm and rational. Some would say that women should not be aggressive as it is not in their nature. Womens nature should not be a deciding factor when sentencing, if particular sentence is rightly appropriate and deserved then it should be served. If the leniency on women offenders keeps being applied, it only means they wont learn their lesson and will not be deterred in the future to committing crime again. According to a report published in 2010 in the BBC news, statistics showed that re-offending rates by women went up by four times that for men by 16.4%, compared with 4.2%.

The Sacrifice Of The Oedipus Rex Play

The Sacrifice Of The Oedipus Rex Play Sacrifice, a trait few hold. In The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Sophocles renowned play, Oedipus Rex, each possess the mutual theme of sacrifice, specially selfless sacrifice the willingness to give to others at the stake of your own well-being. In The Metamorphosis, the protagonist sacrifices for his own family by forfeiting his own life. While in Oedipus Rex, sacrifices were made by the ruler of a kingdom for the sake of his own people. In both texts, an instance of humanity was given through the motif of sacrifice, and through the plot, the protagonists exemplify the reason for necessity of sacrifice to be called on in life. Franz Kafka, a culturally influential German author of the early 1900s, has written a multitude of different works, the most noteworthy being The Metamorphosis. Gregor Samsa, the protagonist in The Metamorphosis, is altered into an enormous bug (13) at the start of the book. As the plot thickens, it is evident that Gregor is submissive, dutiful worker, who, in his life, has yet to miss a day of work. In addition, he provides for the necessities of his own family. Gregor willingly forfeits his aspirations and goals for the well-being of his family, despite living in a dead-end, menial life and longing to quit, he bears with his situation and will not abandon his job until his familys debts are relieved. This, in turn, is what makes Gregor such a human, lovable character, for bugs and animals seek primarily of the survival and well-being of themselves for that of others. However despite, being physically handicapped by his disposition as a bug, he still tends to his family and sister i n particular. Sacrifices were continuously made throughout the day by Gregor as a bug in order to hold onto what little humanity that remains. In Kafkas decision in having Gregor choose to remain with his family the entire span of the story, instead of escaping was to depict Gregors own selfless sacrifice and his remaining humanity. On the other hand, on the account of his own free will, Gregor decides to stay inside his room, not making an attempt to flee, through this, he sacrifices a more joyful and free life away from his family, to hold onto the only physical remainders he has left, his own roomultimately his own humanity. Eventually, Gregor makes his most crucial decision and sacrifices himself: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he felt relativelyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ comfortableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he stayed in this state of vacant and peaceful studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ his last breath issuedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ faintly from his nostril (46), this represents his prevailing humanity. While his demise lifts a heavy l oad off of his familys shoulders, it also allowed for them to be liberated from the constraints of such an obstacle, as they are no longer pinned to the apartment due to Gregors presence. On the other hand, in Sophocles celebrated play, Oedipus Rex: the protagonist of the story, Oedipus, the proclaimed king of Thebes, is prophesied to incur an horrendous fate as a child: to his own sons he shall be found related as a brotherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and of the woman from whose womb he came bothà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ spouse and son; one that raised up seed to his father, and has murdered him (15). Bearing the fear of such a curse, Oedipus biological mother and father attempt to slay their own son, sentencing him to death in hopes of avoiding their own fate. However, the shepherd that was given the heavy task took pity on the child, and instead, gave Oedipus to the royalty of Corinth. As years pass, Oedipus ultimately realizes the prophecy, himself. Bearing the same fear his mother and father had, he banished himself from Corinth and sought a life away from the monarchs in an attempt to protect the well-being of his adoptive father, in addition to his dignity. Still, a twist of plot unfolds on Oedipus journey to Thebes, after his departure from Corinth, he stumbles across his biological father, King Laius, who he is not familiar with and ends up slaying him due to a disagreement. In spite of this, in the process, he is found to be the next heir to Thebes throne as he solves a sphinxs riddle and liberates Thebes from its grasp. As a king Oedipus then unknowingly marries his own biological mother-alas carrying out his own demise, his prophecy. The play revolves around Oedipus vengeance to eradicate the murderer of the past king of Thebes, his father, who he, without knowledge, murdered himself. Through this, he hopes to end the suffering of his city due to a ravaging plague. As the play progresses, our protagonist discovers the reality of the situation and his actions and acts acc ordingly-forfeiting his position as king in order to halt the ongoing curse that has been wreaking havoc on Thebes. Sophocles, being the legendary playwright that he is, utilizes the motif of sacrifice throughout the story in order to show how an individual, disregarding their position, is in no situation more important than the welfare of the general public. Oedipus, being the protagonist, does not hesitate to exempt himself from keeping power, no deny the truth; instead he is conscious of his role and position as a leader and cares for his citizens. Through Oedipus actions his kingdom is saved, his citizens; safe, his dignity; tarnished, himself, a hero. Both Kafka and Sophocles possess a similar type of reasoning when they decided on the death and sacrifice of their protagonists. The selfless sacrifice of these both deemed heroes made throughout each story signified that there is no force that requires any of these characters to sacrifice themselves, nonetheless they nobly do so. The design of these stories unfold in a similar fashion. In which the story trails the reader onto a climax, of which the greatest and last sacrifice is taken by the protagonist of each story, however then abruptly finishes without a gradual or defined conclusion. The purpose of the authors writing these works in such a way was to create a last and significant message onto the reader. In both works, sacrifice was also found to be a centerpiece. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor surrenders his life for the welfare of his family, while in Oedipus Rex, Oedipus sacrifices his social status and ultimately life in order to save his kingdom and citizens. Through utilizing sacrifice multiple times as a theme, the authors indicate to the reader to recognize sacrifice is a major focus and motif in the stories. Whereas in the authors purpose to have their protagonist sacrifice for the well-being of a more significant group of people, was to create their own personal reasoning and perspective on why sacrifice is necessary, which, based on the readings, was to be benefit society. In both literatures, it can be hinted that the beginning and the ending were quite similar in ways. Oedipus Rex and The Metamorphosis both start in the middle of an action, in Oedipus Rex ¸ the city of Thebes is consumed in a crisis: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[the] city teems with incense-smoke, and paean hymnsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sounds of woe the while (2). Meanwhile, in The Metamorphosis ¸ Gregor Samsa is, without delay, introduced as a vermin: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦When Gregor Samsa awoke from [his] troubled dreams one morning, he discovered that he had been morphed intoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [a] bug (12). In regards to the ending, both stories left the reader wondering and speculating at the same time. The development of plot is also a significant factor to the readers comprehension of the idea the author conveys, through using such unorthodox styles of starting in the middle of a crisis or dilemma, or ending near the climatic point, or building up only to create an undefined ending, the authors were able to successfully keep the reader entertained and interested. The Metamorphosis and Oedipus Rex both introduce the technique of focusing on a central character and through the employing that technique, the reader is successfully able to become more easily attached emotionally to a single character. In Oedipus Rex, the reader is able to feel Oedipus great sorrow and pain as it is revealed that his wife or mother had hanged herself and, in regret, he is required to depart Thebes, abandoning his daughters and his people. Similarly, in The Metamorphosis, one can truly share Gregors frustration and pain as his humanity gradually fades. Despite how the conditions of the majority of the people improved in both stories, the story ends as a tragic for the two protagonists. In Oedipus Rex ¸ the plague subsides and the citizens of Thebes are unshackled, while in The Metamorphosis, the family is truly unshackled by the lack of the burden of the obstacle of which they knew as Gregor Samsa. Even though both works directly do not correspond to present times, the protagonists are able to still be acknowledged for their selfless sacrifice; both protagonist gave themselves up for the ones they truly cherished and they can be looked at, through even todays standards, as a vanguard of liberality. The two reputed works, Oedipus Rex and The Metamorphosis, are noteworthy as they exemplify the bases of humanity, moreover revealing the certain aspect of selfless sacrifice. The two authors decision in the use of sacrifice as the theme of their works reveals their awareness of humanity and, through great success and greater influence, they truly conveyed that message. Oedipus and Gregors unwavering loyalty to the welfare of the general public ultimately provides the model of how one should live in life-for the sake of others. Work Cited Kafka, Franz. Metamorphosis. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. New York: Dover Publications, 1990. Print.

Marxist Thoughts and Its Application to Society Essay example -- Socio

Marxist thought and its application to society has shone much light on Man’s understanding of the role of religion within his society. The roots of Marxism finds its birth from the writings of Karl Marx (1818-83) and Fredrick Engels (1820-95). The publication and writings of Marx and Engels are â€Å"highly influential both on the political and theoretical understanding of society and the role of religion within society† (Kunin, 2003: 3). It is important to first underline (briefly and simply) Marx’s main theories which he used to critique religion as a product of Man. Marx (ultimately) did not see religion as central to Man’s oppression, but as a symptom of a cause which was much more detrimental, creating and feeding his alienation instead of advancing his journey to true happiness because of illusory factors that Man himself created; To abolish religion as the illusory happiness of the people is to demand their real happiness. The demand to give up illusions about the existing state of affairs is the demand to give up a state of affairs that needs illusions (MECW, 1975 (3): 175). The relationships between Man’s society and the institutions within it (such as religion, science and law) are described and perpetuated in Marx’s ‘Structure (or infrastructure) and Superstructure’ model. Marx places responsibility for the continued oppression of Mankind on the structure that underlies modern Capitalist societies namely, economy. All other elements of Man’s society to include institutions mentioned above are born out of, and made up by, the economic structure of society. Marx’s contribution to the study of religion highlights the negative aspects and means of Man’s self creation of religion, as an illusionary oppression, â€Å"the abolition of... ...otal happiness. Marx gave us a way of expressing more than just a negative attack on religion by trying to show humanity that taking control of your means of existence and moving away from the illusory word Man creates in order to cope with all the negative aspects modern capitalist societies place on the Proletarian Man. Marx’s connection of religion to economy is integral to the importance of his rhetoric, religion is not the cause but a symptom, which in turn reflects the oppressive state of the society. Marx’s distinctions on class and how the powerful (or Capitalist) can dictate the society through institutional mediums such as religion is also very important to how (after Marxism) the debate of Religion can be approached. How important he was to the debate of religion is exemplified in the amount theorising, criticism and sheer renown Marx still holds today.

The Lord of the Flies - Savagery Essay -- English Literature Essays

'The Lord of the Flies' - Savagery William Golding’s novel ‘The Lord of The flies’ presents us with a group of English boys who are isolated on a desert island, left to try and retain a civilised society. In this novel Golding manages to display the boys slow descent into savagery as democracy on the island diminishes. At the opening of the novel, Ralph and Jack get on extremely well. We are informed Jack, â€Å"shared his burden,† and there was an, â€Å"invisible light of friendship,† between the two boys. Jack changes considerably throughout this novel. At first he tells us, â€Å"I agree with Ralph we’ve got to have rules and obey them,† This shows us that at the beginning of the novel, just like Ralph, he wants to uphold a civilised society. We are also notified, â€Å"Most powerfully there was the conch.† As the conch represents democracy we can see that at the beginning of the novel the boys sustain a powerful democratic society. This democratic society does not last very long as the children (especially Jack) have a lack of respect for the conch and the rules. We can see this when Jack decides, â€Å"We don’t need the conch anymore, we know who should say things.† As the conch represents democracy we can see that civilisation on the island is braking up and savagery is starting to take over. We can also see a brake up in society when Jack says, â€Å"Bollocks to the rules!† Here we can see that Jack contradicts himself while managing to diminish the assembly and the power of the conch. Golding has made the two boys’ act similar at the beginning of the novel to show us how ‘normal’ they are. This demonstrates Golding’s view that absolutely anyone can be over ruled by power and become savage (like Jack) when civilisation collapses. After this incident we can see continual conflict between Ralph and Jack. We can see this when Jack proclaims that Ralph, â€Å"Isn’t a proper chief.† Golding is trying to show us that this conflict is very similar to the conflict between humanities inner barbarism and the living influence of reason. We can see other evidence of this conflict within ourselves, with the masks that Jack and his hunters put on. We are informed that Jack, â€Å" rubbed the charcoal stick between the patches of red and white on his face† The mask represents the dark line (charcoal) between good (white) and evil (red) within ourselves. These masks also let the boys hide f... ...s when Ralph points out, â€Å"There’s going to be a storm.† This slowly builds us up to Simon’s death. We Can see that even Ralph and Piggy have a savage side as they, â€Å"found themselves eager to take place in this demented but partly safe society.† This demonstrates Goldings view that everyone has a savage side to them. At Simon’s murder the boys, â€Å"Leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit and tore.† This clearly shows us that the boys are completely barbaric and have no self-conciseness. The reason why Golding did not inform us straight away that Simon was the beast was because he wanted us to try and see things from the boys’ perspective. As Simon was trying to tell the boys that the beast did not exist, his death symbolises that mankind can’t face the truth about their inner desires. Part of Golding’s intent was to demonstrate that the evil is not recognised in specific populations or situations. On the island the beast is manifest in the deadly tribal dances, war paint and manhunt: in the outside world the same lust for power and control plays out as a nuclear war. Throughout ‘The Lord of the Flies’ Golding has managed to show that evil is present in everyone.

Impacts Of Urbanization :: essays research papers

Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization. There are two kinds of factors why rural people seek for urban life. The first one is urban pull factor. They dream for higher wages, better housing and utilities, better school and hospital, more jobs opportunity, and more experience that they can get it all from a living in big cities as they think. The second one is urban push factor. We know that most of rural areas people are farmers. There’,s not much else to do anymore in the village but wait for harvest time and without higher level of education, availability of media, or facilities that they need, they might be stimulated to move to urban areas. But after they reached what they called their dreamland, most of them must face more problems than what they had when they lived in villages. They will face some problems because of their insufficient abilities, experience, education, and skills those are needed for a good living in big cities. For instance, they can’,t provide housing or maybe they can’,t find any job. And then they just stranded with the option of staying in cities or coming back home. As the result of urbanization, cities have more problems to overcome such as pollution, overpopulation, drug abuse, congestion, crime, poverty, traffic jam, slum areas, and many more. There must be something to solve these problems. Government and citizens should be involved because taking care of city problems can’,t be done entirely by government. The community can be even more successful because it deals directly with problem areas. As the solution to solve those problems government can provide housing, create a new regulation transmigration program, provide skills training program, or start to develop in rural areas. Impacts Of Urbanization :: essays research papers Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization. There are two kinds of factors why rural people seek for urban life. The first one is urban pull factor. They dream for higher wages, better housing and utilities, better school and hospital, more jobs opportunity, and more experience that they can get it all from a living in big cities as they think. The second one is urban push factor. We know that most of rural areas people are farmers. There’,s not much else to do anymore in the village but wait for harvest time and without higher level of education, availability of media, or facilities that they need, they might be stimulated to move to urban areas. But after they reached what they called their dreamland, most of them must face more problems than what they had when they lived in villages. They will face some problems because of their insufficient abilities, experience, education, and skills those are needed for a good living in big cities. For instance, they can’,t provide housing or maybe they can’,t find any job. And then they just stranded with the option of staying in cities or coming back home. As the result of urbanization, cities have more problems to overcome such as pollution, overpopulation, drug abuse, congestion, crime, poverty, traffic jam, slum areas, and many more. There must be something to solve these problems. Government and citizens should be involved because taking care of city problems can’,t be done entirely by government. The community can be even more successful because it deals directly with problem areas. As the solution to solve those problems government can provide housing, create a new regulation transmigration program, provide skills training program, or start to develop in rural areas.

Political Science Critique Essay

Why is it to be changed? For as a citizen of the Philippines experiencing simple life can see this problem in our country. It is said in the sections that â€Å"official language is the prescribed medium of communication in the government, courts and schools. It may not be the national language†. Including with this, the official language of the Philippines are Filipino and English. And that is the error of this part of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. We should not include ENGLISH as an official language of our country. First, is it implication that Americans are still in our culture especially in our Constitution. Second, we must have only one official language for us Filipinos will not be confused. It is acceptable that if we will use ENGLISH language in the school because it is a place of learning. But in the government and courts we should not use ENGLISH language. By this act we insult other FILIPINOS. Why? Let us accept the fact that some of the FILIPINOS are trying hard understanding or speaking in ENGLISH and some of the FILIPINOS are what we call â€Å"mangmang†. How can the â€Å"maralitang mga-tiga lungsod† understand these things? We should consider their or should I say our capabilities. For some instance, In having a hearing in the congress by speaking in ENGLISH we think that the whole Philippines got it? NO!, considering that some of the topics are not understandable because we can’t relate because they use such highfaluting words. It is said that Filipinos are the master of the country but how can that be if they can’t understand what we’re trying to implement in their land also how can we get their opinions if they can’t understand it. Second instance, In having trials, mostly fair and poor persons are always convicted due to poverty. If I am in their situation having a trial that I can’t understand, It is a big insult. To sum this up, In Philippines we should consider first our own before anything else. And solving problems should start in little problems like these because we can fixed thing starting in little not in big ones. And some little things like these is the mode and kind of communication in our country. NEW PROVISION: The national and official language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing  Philippine and other languages. Filipino and English languages as a medium of official communication of instruction in educational system but In Government and Courts the medium of communication shall be our national language.

Will Moller Analysis

A Rhetorical Analysis of Will Moller’s â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Cheating, in all forms, is considered deceitful and wrong. However, people still do it hoping the end result is an A on an exam or a better performance, in an athlete’s case. Cheating in itself is like an addiction and follows a domino effect. Once one athlete decides to use steroids, others follow in their footsteps hoping to perform at a higher level. There have always been several athletes who choose to cheat for their own benefit and personal glory.As a result, those athletes are looked down upon for cheating the game and the fans. Nonetheless, people fail to understand the outside factors that influence great athletes such as Barry Bonds and Ben Johnson to use performance enhancing drugs. In his May 5, 2009 article â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Will Moller, blog writer for The Yankees $, argues that that performance-enhancing drugs should be permissible because the ma jority of good professional baseball players are forced to take steroids and such, as a result of baseball fans placing players on a pedestal to perform beyond their capacity.Moller makes a good point that fans have some responsibility for athletes cheating because of the pressure fans place on them to perform at an enormously high level; however, there are other responsible parties as well, including coaches, players, and the NCAA drug policy system as a whole. One of the primary reasons for athletes using performance-enhancing drugs is because of the fans animalistic desire for great entertainment. This actually causes athletes to want to perform at the highest level possible and stand out as great icons to the fans.To support his implication, Moller uses the pathos appeal, as he presents an analogy, of his personal experience as a student who was forced to use Ritalin because he struggled with the rigorous and competitive academic work assigned to him. Moller’s reaction to his choice was that he â€Å"did what [he] felt [he] needed to do, to accomplish the goal that was demanded† from him, despite understanding the â€Å"serious side effects, magnifying [his] senses in a very negative way. Nonetheless, academic success outweighed the bad side effects.Similarly, college and professional athletes are placed on a pedestal that urges them to accomplish success, win championships, and set unbreakable records. He also appeals to reasoning by recognizing that athletes should not be severely misjudged as cheaters for using performance enhancing drug use because they wish to perform better for their fans. There are other outside factors that also pressure players to cheat. Coaches’ extreme pressure towards their players to perform at a high level indirectly encourages athletes to use steroids and develop more strength.Notre Dame coach Lou Holtz was believed to be a primary cause for his players using anabolic steroids during the late 1980â€⠄¢s and early 1990’s. Steve Huffman, a former linebacker, claimed coach Holtz â€Å"put [him] in this situation† because he once criticized the injured star during a team speech by stating that Huffman â€Å"let everybody in this room down if [he] quit. † In addition, Holtz threatened to rescind Huffman’s scholarship and showed no remorse or care for Huffman and the rest of the players during the losing season. Coaches who exert a strong mental toughness are perceived as good leaders who may lead their team to overall success.However, fans and the media do not recognize that tough love can have a burden on players, physically and emotionally. A coach, who constantly scolds players instead of guiding them, is tortuously leading players to use performance-enhancing drugs in hope of easing the burden and accomplishing what everyone around them selfishly wants. Coach Holtz practiced such coaching methods and as a result, school officials admitted that during the 1986 season five players tested positive for anabolic steroid use. Aside from coaches, the weak NCAA drug policy system also influences players to cheat.The use of performance-enhancing drugs is undeniably much more prevalent than it is generally acknowledged to be because of the weak policy regulations. Welch Suggs, an American collegiate sportswriter for The Chronicle of Higher Education, claims steroid use is rampant among college-level players. A senate panel spoke to a former college football athlete, who choose to remain anonymous, claimed that despite gaining twenty pounds and dropping his 40-yard dash time to 4. 5 seconds, his coaches urged him and many other players to gain even more weight and become stronger.People may be asking themselves how players are able to avoid the NCAA random drug policy tests. The former college football star argues that â€Å"the policy is weak, however, and fairly predictable, with the drug tests falling in roughly the same period of time every year† (Suggs). The weak enforcement gives athletes a greater motivation to begin using performance-enhancing drugs. Don Catlin, a professor of molecular and medical pharmacology at UCLA, oversees and examines drug testing for the NCAA and believes it is not â€Å"aggressive enough, but that’s society and the mind-set. The dollars just aren’t there† (Suggs).Fans, coaches, the NCAA, and society as a whole are responsible for encouraging cheating and drug use. People are not taking the matter seriously and as a result, steroids and other drugs are easily available for athletes to purchase online, in the streets, or maybe even from their coaches. In fact, Charles Grassley, the former Iowa Republican chairman of the caucus, showed the NCAA senate panel online auctions on eBay for Winstrol and Dianabol, which are commonly prescribed steroids. Ultimately, the fact that drug testing policies are so weak is practically asking players to use performance-enhan cing drugs and cheat the game.Fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA drug policy may influence players to use steroids, but the ultimate decision is left to the athlete. Just as everyone is responsible for their choices, players must decide whether they wish to cheat, just as Moller had. The option to cheat in academics or sports is easily available, despite most people not realizing it. In a March 1st, 2010 blog in Sports Illustrated, â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING† writer Joe Posnanski argues that the beautiful game of baseball and other sports has always existed, despite people claiming that it has not or that baseball has become corrupt due to steroid and amphetamine use.He begins by introducing author Pete Hamill, a novelist, who believes that the game of baseball was at its finest, prior to performance enhancing drug use. To develop his argument, Posnanski concedes to the opposition first by praising Pete Hamill’s romantic novels and later criticizes Hamill’s willf ul self-deception by naively believing that drug use is not common in America and American baseball, as a means of cheating. Posnanski understand that baseball like all other sports â€Å"was never innocent, that America was never innocent, that innocence itself was never innocent† (Posnanski).Posnanski concedes first to show his respect by demonstrating his own character. In doing this, he is able to highlight the significant accomplishments in baseball history that have occurred due to amphetamine usage. In addition, Posnanski claims that steroids are much more readily available today than in the past. But cheating has always existed, in all forms. The fans, the coaches, and the NCAA itself are all responsible for willful self-deception as well, for having influenced players to begin using performance-enhancing drugs but believing steroid use is not rampant in college-level and professional sports.Fans are not entirely responsible for athletes cheating in college-level and professional sports. However they are one of many factors that contribute to players using performance-enhancing drugs. Athletes, fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA dug policy and enforcement may all determine an athlete’s choice to cheat; however, the players themselves must be accountable for their choices. Illicit drug use has negative side effects that can be harmful to athletes. But the desire to perform at a high level, break scoring records, win games, and championships is an always tempting just as it is to get an A on an exam.Works Cited Huffman, Steve. â€Å"I Deserve My Turn. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 27 Aug. 1990. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Moller, Will. â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses. † The Yankees $. N. p. , 5 May, 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Posnanski, Joe. â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 1 Mar. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Suggs, Welch. â€Å"Steroids Are Rampant Among College Athletes, a Senate Panel Is Told. â⠂¬  The Chronicle of Higher Education. 50. 46 (2004): A33. ProQuest. Web. 14 Nov. 2012

Third World and People

Academic Skills Research Essay Sl. No. | Essay Topics| Members| 1| Human beings do not need to eat meat in order to maintain good health because they can get all their food needs from meatless products and meatless substances. A vegetarian diet is as healthy as a diet containing meat. Argue for or against the opinion above. | | 2| Forests are the lungs of the earth. Destruction of the world's forests amounts to death of the world we currently know. To what extent do you agree or disagree? | 3| To what extent will migration from the developing world to the developed world become a social and political issue in the 21st century? | | 4| In Britain, when someone gets old, they often go to live in a home with other old people where there are nurses to look after them. Sometimes the government has to pay for this care. Who should be responsible for our old people? Give reasons. | | | | | 5| Telecommuting' refers to workers doing their jobs from home for part of each week and communicating with their office using computer technology.Telecommuting is growing in many countries and is expected to be common for most office workers in the coming decades. How do you think society will be affected by the growth of telecommuting? | | 6| In some countries the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50, while in others people can work until they are 65 or 70. Until what age do you think people should be encouraged to remain in paid employment? Give reasons for your answer. | | 7| To what extent should economic planning be influenced by the need of environmental conservation? | 8| Damage of the environment is an inevitable consequence of worldwide improvements in the standard of living. Discuss. | | 9| The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities can be attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. In order to reverse this decline in the quality of life in cities, attempts must be made to encourage p eople to use their cars less and public transport more. Discuss possible ways to encourage the use of public transport. | | 10| The idea of going overseas for university study is an exciting prospect for many people.But while it may offer some advantages, it is probably better to stay home because of the difficulties a student inevitably encounters living and studying in a different culture. To what extent do you agree or disagree this statement? Give reasons for your answer. | | 11| Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting Write an essay expressing your point of view. Give reasons for your answer. | 12| The mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people's ideas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer. | | 13| Tourism is becoming increasingly important as a source of revenue to many countries but its disadvantages should not be overlooked. What are some of the problems of tourism? | | 14| Should developing countries concentrate on improving industrial skills or should they promote education first? | | 15| Safety standards are important when building people's homes.Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes? | | 16| Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of giving international aid to poor countries. | | 17| Should criminals be punished with lengthy jail terms or re-educated and rehabilitated using community service programs for instance, before being reintroduced to society? | | 18| In most countries disabled people are not catered for adequately, e. g. buildings are often inappropriately designed. Governments rely too heavily on charities and voluntary organizations to provide assistance and funding.What further measures could be taken to assist disabled people? | | 19| In your opinion should government intervene in the rights of the individual with regard to family planning? | | 20| To what extent should university courses be geared to the economic needs of society? | | 21| Many people think that nowadays people are being subjected to more and more pressure in their work, and thus are having less and less time to relax. What is your opinion? | | 22| With the increasing popularity of computers and calculators, student literacy is decreasing dramatically.What are the positive and negative effects the progress of science and technology has brought about? | | 23| In the past, buildings often reflected the culture of a society but today all modern buildings look alike and cities throughout the world are becoming more and more similar. What do you think is the reason for this, and is it a good think or a bad think? You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples. | | 24| The earth is being filled with waste material such as plastic bags and other rubbish. Is this really happening?What are some solutions to this problem? Gives reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. | | 25| The wealth gap between 1st world countries and 3rd world countries seems to be increasing. How can we reduce this gap? Do you think that developed countries have a duty to assist developing countries in every way? | | 26| Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. | | 27| Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. Compare the advantages of t hese two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference. | | 28| Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals.Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. | | 29| Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. | | 30| A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position. | 31| The government has announced that it plans to build a new university. Some people think that your community w ould be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion. | | 32| Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why? | |

Conccussions

Informative speech on Concussions Intro Imagine your head pounding and you don’t know where you are, your eyes are dilated and you can’t remember how or what happened. All of a sudden you’re getting help being carried off by people you can’t recognize. You get to the sideline and they start asking you multiple questions, who are we playing? What’s the score? And you stumble to answer these questions and get them wrong. Then they make you take a seat on the bench and say your done playing and inform you that you have received a concussion. 1st body- what concussions are, causesFirst I would like to discuss what concussions actually are. According to Web MD, a concussion is a type of brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull. By definition, a concussion is not a life threatening injury but it can cause both short term and long term problems. There most likely arenâ€℠¢t any visible signs of a brain injury when a concussion occurs. Even though it is a minor traumatic brain injury, they are still very serious. It can affect how your brain works for a while.A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and even a car accident. Your brain is a soft organ that is surrounded by spinal fluid and protected by your hard skull. The fluid around your brain acts like a cushion that keeps your brain from banging against your skull. If your head or body is hit hard enough though, your brain can collide with your skull and be injured. There are many ways to receiving a concussion; they aren’t just involved with sports. Today there are three different types of grades you can receive for a concussion. A grade 3 concussion is the worst one you can get.According to Center for Disease and prevention, recent data shows that, on average, approximately 1. 7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury annually. 2nd body-symptoms Now that we have a clear understanding of what a concussion is, let me share some of the symptoms with you. Symptoms of a concussion can range from mild to severe and can last for hours, days, weeks, or even months. E medicine health states some very important concussion symptoms and they are loss of consciousness after any trauma to the head, confusion, headache, nausea or vomiting, or even blurred vision.All of these may not occur when you sustain a concussion though; you could only get one or two of them. You don’t have to pass out to have a concussion either, that’s why they are always difficult to tell if someone has one. There are four main categories that concussion can fit into and they are thinking and remembering, physical, emotional and mood, and sleep. All four of these areas have different symptoms for each of them. 3rd body-treatments/my experience with them/prevention Now that I have discussed symptoms of concussions, let me explain the treatments and preventions.According to MayoClinic rest is the best way to allow your brain to recover from a concussion. Any person who may have had a concussion needs to see a doctor. If a doctor thinks you have a concussion, he or she will ask you multiple questions about the injury. These questions will test your ability to pay attention and your learning and memory. A person who might have a concussion needs to immediately stop any kind of activity or sport. Being active again too soon increases the person’s risk of having a more serious brain injury.It is very important to allow yourself time to get better and to slowly return to your regular activities. Conclusion In conclusion, we have discussed what concussions are, its symptoms, and treatments. Concussions can be prevented in some situations, but not all of them. So the next time you receive a headache from hitting your head, the best thing you can do is call your doctor. Concussions are not something you want to mess with, they are a very serious mat ter and you want to get them treated right away. Thank you. Works cited Webmd. com Emedicinehealth. com Mayoclinic. com Cdc. com

Impact of stigma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of stigma - Essay Example They react in severely distorted manner, not because of their illness but because of the society's reaction towards their illness. The outlook of the patient changes once they witness their discrimination from rest of the individuals in the social circle. Symptomatic treatment could be alleviated by means of numerous measures encompassing medicines, exercises, physiotherapy, recreational means but the stigma linked with the mental illness may continue for complete life span (Corrigan, 2002). If not treated in a psychological manner, the stigma could culminate into a typecasting, disbelieve, terror or dodging behaviour and be able to pessimistically impact tracking down of treatment, job status and earnings, self-image and relations with those in the family and also with the society. Thus their personalities are projected as feeble willed and capricious. These features retreat patients from their close ones. Individuals with mental illness display an abnormal behaviour and distinguish ing socio-economic status. Education and awareness of parents could control the situation of the child to a greater extent. It is observed that in childhood years if appropriate and timely care is given symptoms could be diminished to a greater extent. ... On one hand they are being bothered about their disease and symptoms and on the other hand they are facing the misunderstandings about themselves, prevailing in their social circle. Accumulating these features provide them a feeling of being stripped off from numerous prospects that classify the excellence of life encompassing high-quality jobs, secure shelter, reasonable health care and association with a varied group of people (Corrigan, 2002). Research studies conducted to understand the impact of psychology, reveals that there are two kinds of stigma that a mentally ill patient views; self-stigma and social or public stigma. Public stigma finds its relation with the kind of cultural atmosphere of the individual. In some countries especially in Asian and African countries, stigma is not very imperative while in Islamic societies, stigma does not finds any place. In western world, public stigma is weighed extremely high. In western countries people have a great terror of being excl uded from their communities. The public stigma seizes the authority of the patient, i.e. the patient is thought to be highly irresponsible in all his/ her actions and pursuits. This takes away his individuality as all the decisions are taken by associates about him and the patient is deprived of taking any decision. Moreover, mentally ill individuals behave like a child due to lack of brain development. The brain of such individuals is just like a child that needs tremendous care, in certain cases they are pampered by those associated with the patient, further deteriorating their development (Lai, 2000). It is observed that people with physical disabilities are accepted in the social set-up as normal individual but those suffering with mental illness are not

Increae productivity and safety at night shift Research Paper - 1

Increae productivity and safety at night shift - Research Paper Example These problems affect the productivity of the workers working in the night shifts of the manufacturing firm. Physical and mental stress associated with the working in the night shifts increases the possibilities of errors on the part of the workers along with increasing instances of accidents. With the general habits of human beings of being more active during the day hours the performance level of the workers in general deteriorates with a change in the pattern. Moreover the workers of the manufacturing units need to work in different and more than one shift in each day and hence these poorly framed patterns of the shifts also increases the fatigue of the night shift workers. Apart from physical problems several questions have been raised regarding the security of the workers working in the night shifts more prominently for the women workers of the units. Thus study has been made in order to consider the negative effects of night shift working and suggesting possible solutions for t he problems. Both primary and secondary research methods have been used in the study for satisfying the objective. The study reveals that the productivity of the workers decreases in the night shifts with the same worker being able to work more efficiently in some other shifts of the day. Moreover there exists gender discrimination in the manufacturing units with the experienced women workers getting equal to salaries of newly employed male workers of the units. Incidents of accidents are also studied to be more in the night shifts. In regards to the implementations of certain solutions to the problems it has been suggested that the administration needs to be more aware in regards to the provision of proper medical facilities required in emergencies along with proper training to the workers. The supervisors need to be entrusted with proper evaluation of the employees in regards to their safety as well as productivity. Moreover if certain

Dubai ECONOMIC SECURITY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dubai ECONOMIC SECURITY - Research Paper Example Over the last three years, Dubai has shown an upward growth in the economy owing to the increase in the international oil prices and the growth of the tourism industry. However, the government still wails in debt and there are signs that the city has not yet achieved economic independence. This is a big threat and promises an economic crisis in future unless the government takes control of its spending and focuses on economic generation rather than spending, which will pose danger on its economic security. Dubai experiences one of the most tremendous population expansions in the world. Between 2005 and 2013, the population of the Dubai Emirate grew from 1.2 million to 2.1 million, which is close to double within a period of only 8 years. The population density of the emirate is about 409 per square kilometer, which is more than 8 times that of the entire country. Just like many other countries in the world, the population of females in Dubai is slightly higher than that of the males. Dubai has a poverty rate of about 10% which is much lower than 19.5% poverty rate in the United Arab Emirates. The crude death rate in Dubai is at 1.4 while the infant mortality rate ranges at about 7 deaths per one thousand infants (Middle East Monitor, 2014). These low figures indicate that Dubai is one of the rapidly developing economies in the world, and much better than other countries in the United Arab Emirates. Economic indicators are important points of evaluating the economic development within a region. The low poverty level in Dubai is another indicator of the fact that the city’s population majorly lies within the middle class (Alajoutsijà ¤rvi, Juusola, & Lamberg, 2014). On this note, Dubai enjoys a good economic status and has a challenge to maintain this by finding ways which they can guarantee economic wellbeing in the long term. The Dubai’s economy is dependent majorly on the oil industry. Economic

Product Liabilities Cases. Confidential Business Information Essay

Product Liabilities Cases. Confidential Business Information - Essay Example Though product liability is a valid legal requirement, the Supreme Court pushed the limits too high that many manufactures have shied away from the market. The Supreme Court denied the fact that in some cases, though a supplier may be certain of the functionality of a product, systems may go haywire lidding to unforeseen damages or fatalities. Though consumer activists explain that such products liability suits would make manufactures more responsible on the threat of product liability, the fact is that such suits are hurting the manufacturing sector and preventing thousands of innovations from getting into the market (Andre & Velasquez, 2010). Increased product liabilities cases lead to increased cost of goods to the consumer, which implies that the cost of the litigations outweigh their benefits to the society. Andre & Velasquez (2010) explains that the high cost of litigations in many companies, making up to 60% of litigation expenses is making cost of doing business to increase s ubstantially; as the cost of liability suits increases, the company passes the increased burden to customers in terms of high product processes. Therefore, such litigations by a few will hurt many customers in terms of increased prices. In some extreme cases, companies have been forced to scale dozen their operations due to the high costs of such litigations. This results to thousands of job losses. For example, a Conference Board report recently revealed that 15% of companies were forced to undertake massive downsizing, while another 8% were forced to close down plants due to such litigations (Andre & Velasquez, 2010). In addition to losing jobs, such a move hurts the economy as productivity and investments are forced to close as a result of litigations. Moreover, more companies with ingenious products fear introducing such products in the company. The above report revealed that up to 39% of companies delayed introducing new products in the market due to fear of litigations. In fac t, withe such litigations, vaccines to some diseases such as AIDS may never be realized as manufacturers shy away from the market due to such litigations. This hurts the overall economy and society in general. DQ 2 Every business has to abide to some legal agreements that are protected under the law. In order to act ethically, a business has to ensure that all information held about their clients is confidential and is not to be disclosed to any other party under any case, unless a court of law orders such information to be presented. According to British Law (2012) a confidentiality agreement or any non-disclosure agreement is a legally binding contract, with owner of the information disclosing such information to a third party; the third party is legally required to keep such information confidential and not disclose such information to any other party. According to IPR Help Desk (2012), trade secrets are any confidential information held by a business, which makes a business to a chieve an economic benefit that translates to competitive advantage. Such a secret is largely unknown to competitors due to the strategic efforts by the holder of such information to keep it a secret. Client contacts give a business a competitive advantage over its competitors in that a business with more clients will have more profitability and performance compared to others, which is form of competitive advantage. Customer emails are part of customer information that has to be confidential and

Long Term Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Long Term Care - Essay Example t is not that easy to get a long-term –care insurance so late, because the cost of insurance may be quite huge or insurers will reject applicant at age 60 for health reasons. Therefore, the best age to buy a long- term –care insurance is mid 50s. One of the reasons is that the price for insurance keeps growing from 3 to 4% each year. For example, a price for the long –term care insurance annually for a 55 year old man nowadays is approximately 1,032$. But, if he will wait until his 65s he will purchase insurance that will cost 2,770$ as it grows 5% per year. The other benefit of buying a long-term – care insurance at age 50s is that with time the risk of health problems increases. The insurers are quite strictly in writing their policies. The statistics from the American Association for Long Term Care Insurance shows that 25% of applicants at age of 60 to 69 were not offered an insurance cause of their health worsened. (American Association for Long-Term C are Insurance, 2014) Inflation protection. All long-term-care insurance must include a 5% compound per year to protect from the inflation. This is a quite important option as it helps to insure all benefits of insurance with the rising cost of living. Alternative plan of care benefits. This option allowed insuring of all additional requirements of the patient. This feature helps for patients receiving alternative supplies or services that were not included in benefits booklet. Benefit period. Accordingly, to the statistic from the US Department of Health and Human Services a person spends approximately 2.4 years in the nursing home. Therefore, patients are able to choose the duration of the benefit period accordingly to their health. 1. American Association for Long-Term Care Insurance.(2014). Whats The Best Age To Buy Long Term Care Insurance. American Association for Long-Term Care Insurance Online. Retrieved from

Facebook Analysis To Confirm Its Competitiveness In A Defined Market Essay

Facebook Analysis To Confirm Its Competitiveness In A Defined Market - Essay Example The idea was to create a website though which people in the university could stay connected with each and share ideas. Within months of its initiation the core idea spread beyond the boundary rooms of Harvard and was highly appreciated and accepted by all. Very soon it got extended to Yale and Stanford and was endorsed widely in these places. The initiative was accompanied and followed by two more students at Harvard, Chris Hughes and Dustin Moskovitz who helped the founder to grow and take the concept to the next level. Within a matter of few months, it became a national student network. In 2005, it was officially given the name of Facebook. The domain was called facebook.com was purchased at a rate of $200,000. Facebook was then opened in 2006 and could be accessed by everyone above 13 years of age having a valid e-mail identity. In 2008, it was announced that Facebook would set up international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland. In 2010, the company began to invite users to go throu gh a beta test or selection process based on questions and answers. A number of engineering puzzles were given to them where these users were required to solve computational problems. This gave them opportunities to get hired in Facebook. It had emerged as the greatest only photo host by 2011 and had millions of users accessing the same from mobile phones, which accounted for 33% of the entire traffic in Facebook. (Carlson, â€Å"At Last -- The Full Story Of How Facebook Was Founded†). Biography of the Founder Originally known as the Facebook, the site was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, a former student at Harvard University. After completing second year at the university, he left it to concentrate on the website he had created and which had a use based of more than 250 million people. Born in May 14, 1984, in New York, Zuckerberg had grown in a well educated and comfortable family. Zuckerberg’s interest in computers and technology showed very early in his childhood. He h ad created messaging program using Atari Basic, at the age of 12 which he named as Zucknet. His father use to use this program for running operations at his dental office. The receptionist at office could use this program to convey the message of a new patient arrival without screaming across the room. This program was also used within the family to communicate in the house. He took interest in computer games with his friends just for fun (Chittaranjan Wordpress, â€Å"Early life†). In order to entertain and encourage his interest in computers, Mark’s parents arranged for a private computer tutor at home, who had later on declared to reporters that he found to difficult to stay ahead of a prodigy who was interested more in the graduate courses at the nearby college. Beside computers, Lark also showed immense talent in fencing and soon became captain of his school team. One of his other interests was literature, in which he earned a diploma in classics. However, his fas cination

Management and Leadership Skills in Team Building Essay

Management and Leadership Skills in Team Building - Essay Example As Leonard (2004) indicated, effective communication and teamwork are essential for the delivery of high quality, safe patient care. In another study, Nash & Govier stated that there is enough evidence showing that effective teams can improve members’ well-being as well as quality of care. Health care providers recognize the importance of team working in preventing patient errors   However, for teams to be effective, effectiveness should begin from the initial stages of team building. The determinants of an effectual team include member satisfaction, cohesiveness, effective communication, quality leadership and organizational culture. Another element of effective team working is adherence to behavioral norms or rules as Nash & Govier (2009) noted that among the elements of successful teams setting up and understanding the ways of working (rules) is of utmost importance. These elements can be achieved by the collective influence of good leadership and management.As Leonard   indicated, effective communication and teamwork are essential for the delivery of high quality, safe patient care. In another study, Nash & Govier stated that there is enough evidence showing that effective teams can improve members’ well-being as well as quality of care. Health care providers recognize the importance of team working in preventing patient errors.  However, building an effective team requires top notch leadership skills because it involves bringing together people with different personalities.