Income Inequality Essay

Minimum Wage Income inequality in America has become a big issue, one that many of us hear every day; whether on the news or from our parents. But normally, we don’t hear the actual phrase used. We hear things like â€Å"the top two percent,† or, the â€Å"rich vs. the poor.† So, what is income inequality? Income inequality is defined as the difference between individuals or populations in the distribution of their assets, wealth, or income. So, with that in mind, why would anyone be against raising a minimum wage? At first glance, the plan does seem to be an intelligent fix to a problem that’s stayed dormant for quite a while. Raising the minimum wage drastically from where it was in 2009 to now would be a blunt and possibly inefficient way of continuing to attempt to give the poor a better way of life. There is one simple fact that many people simply don’t look at: there are more than one group of people working for minimum wage. There is a myriad of people working for the federal 7.50, from teenagers on their first jobs to older people with second jobs. Jonathon Guryan, an economist at Northwestern University and a neutral observer of the wage debate, said that â€Å"It’s not helping as many or as large a portion of the labor market as you probably would like.† This being said, the workers that will benefit from a minimum wage increase would be so diverse that the group of people we are aiming to help, the poor and desperate, wouldn’t be getting all the help. Now, what of the small businesses and family companies that can hardly handle the current minimum wage? Well, they’d be taking a hit too if a drastic increase such as this were to hit. Businesses that make less money than others in their profits per year are expected to have to cut down on their expenses and lay off their workforce in order to compensate for the loss of funds. So, while the minimum wage would benefit the people in the business lucky enough to not be laid off, those who were fired could  be the very people we were attempting to help. Unfortunately, this could mean that a large part of the workforce that handles manual labor could be out of the job. Other businesses would not even be that lucky. There are much better ways to fight income inequality than just simply raising the federal minimum wage. It’s a very black and white argument for a topic that is not so black and white. To better improve our income equality, and therefore lift people out of poverty, we could be putting more funding into things like education, food stamps and the Earned Income Tax Credit (or the EITC), which is a refundable tax credit targeting people who make a low income. It would be a shame to not only miss a chance to reduce poverty now, but to forget that we’ll all be having this same conversation in a few years if we just raise the minimum wage. That being said, I don’t believe the federal minimum wage should be raised to $10.00 per hour.

Research Paper About Daily Activities of Nurses in Hospital.

1. 0 INTRODUCTION I propose to study the attitude, knowledge and experiences of nurses on prioritizing comfort measures in care of the dying patient in an acute hospital setting. I am particularly interested in this field as I worked in a hospice during semester break where palliative care of the dying concentrated on the quality of life of the patient. When the prognosis for the patient was imminent death, care was focused on reducing the severity of the disease symptoms rather than vainly trying to stop or delay development of the disease itself or provide a cure. When the prognosis for a patient is imminent death, hospice care concentrates on the quality of life of the patient, reducing the severity of the disease symptoms rather than vainly trying to treat the disease itself. To assist in delivery of this type of quality end-of-life care to patients in acute hospitals the Alor Setar Hospital developed a Hospice Friendly Hospital programme (HFH). This HFH developed the Quality Standards for End-of-Life Care in Hospitals to set out a shared vision for the type of end-of life care that each hospital should aim to provide. This development is significant as almost 50% of those who die in Kedah die in hospital and care of the dying in Alor Setar hospitals, while regarded as good, is described as ‘care at the end of life’ rather than ‘end-of-life care’ because the care seems to lack an effective palliative care component† LITERATURE REVIEW To investigate international perspectives on end-of-life care, the current international literature was reviewed using the key themes of identifying the dying phase, comfort care and symptom control for the dying patient. It was conclude from the literature review that nurses and medical staff often differed in their approach to care of the dying patient and this hindered effective delivery of end-of-life-care. Education on end-of-life care was recommended in the literature as being a solution to the problems in delivering this care even though research had not been done on the status quo in education. RESEARCH PROBLEM Before planning such specific education programmes, it would seem necessary to conduct research studies to establish the education and training levels of nurses and doctors in end-of-life care and to establish if attitudes and experience also influence the medical and nursing models in the delivery of this care. This research proposal is concerned with the nursing model and it proposes to establish what influences the nurse’s approach in delivering end-of-life care. METHODOLOGY A quantitative approach using a descriptive design is proposed for this study. Questionnaires will be used as the data collection method with a simple random sample of 200 staff nurses employed in a Alor Setar hospital being selected as participants in the study. RESEARCH QUESTION The research problem leads to the following research question: â€Å"What are the attitude, knowledge and experience of nurses on prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients in an acute hospital? † OBJECTIVES (i) To establish the attitude of nurses on prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients. ii) To establish if nurses’ knowledge of prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients is adequate. (iii) To establish if nurses’ experience in prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients is significant. 2. 0 METHODOLOGY Introduction to Research Methodology The methodology selected for the proposed study will be detailed here. The planned research design, methods of sample selection, data collection and analysis of results will be explained. Ethical consi derations for this particular research study will also be detailed. It is hoped that the chosen methodology will generate useful information through the collection and analysis of data on the attitude, knowledge and experiences of staff nurses on the effect of comfort measures in care of the dying patient in the acute hospital setting. Research Design The research design of a study outlines the basic approach that researchers use to answer their research question (Polit & Beck 2010). To meet the aims and objectives of the study it is important that the researcher selects the most appropriate design for achieving the aims of the study (Parahoo 2006). The quantitative approach arises from the belief that human phenomena and variables in human behaviour can be studied objectively (Parahoo 2006) and so this approach has been chosen as an appropriate research method. Quantitative research uses a fixed design that organises in advance the research question and a detailed method of data collection and analysis (Robson 2007). It is proposed that this survey will collect details of the current attitude, knowledge and experience of nurses on comfort care of the dying patient. The method of data collection chosen is a written questionnaire, allowing large sample size without major expense, to produce quantitative data that can be analysed by statistical computer programmes, Population/sample Parahoo (2006, p. 258) defines a population as â€Å"the total number of units from which data can potentially be collected†. The population in this study will be staff nurses working in the acute hospital setting in Ireland. This population will be delimited to a homogenous group of subjects through inclusion/exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria †¢ Registered general staff nurses who work in the acute-care setting. Exclusion criteria †¢ Staff nurses working with children †¢ Agency staff nurses Staff nurses, fitting the above criteria, from a large Dublin acute hospital will be chosen as a smaller convenience group of the target population. It is then proposed to select a simple random probability sample (from the convenience sample). Proctor et al. (2010) maintain that the use of probability sampling in quantitative research reduces errors and biases in the study. Sampling is the process by which researchers select a proportion of the target population, as the study population, to represent the entire unit. It is more practical and economical to work with samples rather than with large target populations (Polit & Beck 2010). The researcher will obtain the names of all eligible nurses from the Human Resources Department in the hospital. This list of nurses will form a sample frame from which the researcher will select nurses at random by assigning a number to each name and ‘picking the numbers out of a hat’. Data collection Quantitative data are collected to classify and describe attributes, behaviours and activities of populations according to Parahoo (2006). Data collection should be objective, systematic and repeatable (Lacey 2010). Robson (2007) maintains that a researcher should use the simplest manner of collecting the data to get answers to the research question and should not collect any more data than necessary. Mindful of these conditions the data collection instrument selected for this study is a questionnaire. Questionnaires A questionnaire is a method of data collection that asks participants to give written or verbal replies to a written set of questions (Parahoo 2006). It is a quick,convenient and inexpensive method of collecting standardised information . A questionnaire can be used to collect information on attitudes,knowledge and experience of staff (Parahoo 2006). A structured writtenquestionnaire that uses a quantitative self-report technique, as outlined by Polit & Beck (2010), will be used to collect data in this study. The questionnaire will have three parts (see Appendix ). Part A of the questionnaire will use a Likert-type scale to gather data on the attitudes of nurseson the effect of comfort in care of the dying. The questionnaire will consist of positively and negatively worded statements with six different response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Positive statements are scored one to six (one for strongly agree through to six for strongly disagree) and scores are reversed for negative statements. The score for each item will be reported individually. Parts B and C will use a fill the box format and will gather data on the knowledge and experience of nurses on comfort care of the dying respectively. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION According to Polit and Beck (2010), researchers must deal with ethical issues when their intended research involves human beings. Ethical approval will be requested in writing from the Director of Nursing (as gatekeeper) and the Hospital Ethics Committee of the hospital involved in the research . As gatekeeper, the director of Nursing must be made aware of all nursing research taking place in the organisation to monitor the effect of all such projects taking place. She will also need to be convinced of the value of the research and the competency of the researcher (Lee 2005). The main ethical principles that will be considered in conducting this research study are respect for persons, confidentiality and beneficence /non-maleficence. 3. 0 PROPOSED OUTCOME Following this proposed study, a report will be compiled discussing all aspects of the research process including the results, limitations and benefits. It is anticipated that the results of the study will give an indication of nurses’ attitude, knowledge and experience in the domain of comfort care of the dying in Ireland and indicate where interventions are needed through education, training or management. It is also anticipated that the findings of the research study will reveal if other factors such as attitude or experience impact on the effective delivery of care of the dying patient. It is anticipated that these results will contribute to recommendations in future nursing practice, nurse education and research and that this will in turn move palliative care higher up on the agenda of the nursing profession in general. This study will have limitations as it will be conducted in only one acute hospital. It will give a general overview of the current attitude, knowledge and experience of nurses in this hospital. The researcher recommends that other studies, both quantitative and qualitative be carried out in hospitals in other Irish cities so that a more general picture could be established of end-of-life nursing care in acute hospitals in Ireland. Qualitative research is explanatory and descriptive in nature and so it could help in determining the nature of the phenomena being studied (Barroso, 2010) and consequently give a more complete picture of care of the dying. It is the intention of the researcher to share the findings of the study with management of the partaking hospital and the schools of nursing and midwifery in Ireland. It is hoped that this will highlight the necessity of planning on-going education and training for nurses in end-of-life care. To present the research report to a broader audience the researcher intends applying for publication of the study report in relevant nursing journals. Time Scale A clear and practical time scale is necessary to facilitate the organisation and coordination of each stage of the research process and the successful integration of the stages (Cormack, 1991). An 18 month period is proposed as the time frame for this study and a detailed integrated time plan is included in appendix . Resources An estimated budget account for the proposed study is outlined in appendix. 4. 0 APPENDIX Part A: Questionnaire on attitudes Directions: Write your opnion whether agree or not. 1. Nurses are capable of identifying that a patient is dying. 2. I would not like the responsibility of identifying a patient as dying. 3. Nurses cannot cease routine care for the dying patient without permission from a doctor. 4. The length of time taken to care for a dying patient is vitally important. 5. Nurses should not give dying patients honest answers about their condition. 6. End stage palliative care does not do anything for the patient. 7. The focus of care should be adapted when death becomes imminent. 8. When a patient has been identified as dying a ‘do not resuscitate order’ should be placed on his/her chart. 9. Nurses play a key role in helping patients die in comfort. 10. Comfort care for the dying patient should not replace routine nursing practice. 11. I would not like to care for a dying patient. 12. Comfort care will enhance the dying patient’s quality of life. 13. Specialist palliative care teams are never necessary to deal with a dying patient. 14. Symptom control for the dying patient is not the nurse’s responsibility. 15. When nursing a dying patient it is good practice, when possible, to frequently ask them about symptom control. 16. Symptom control guidelines are necessary for delivering optimal end-of-life care. 17. Nurses cannot manage symptom control in the dying phase. 18. The dying patient’s physical needs should be decided by them when possible. 19. Dignity of a patient is not more important that effective care. 20. Administration of opioids by means of a syringe driver is often an essential measure in symptom control. Part B: Knowledge Questionnaire Please answer all the following questions by ticking the appropriate box to indicate the answer you consider to be correct. Tick one box only. 1. The decision that a patient is dying should be made by a multidisciplinary team. Correct __ Incorrect__ 2. There is a need for specialist palliative care teams to be involved with every dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 3. The dying person should not be allowed to make decisions about his/her physical care. Correct__ Incorrect__ 4. Treatment procedures should be continued even when the patient is dying. Correct__ Incorrect__ 5. Routine nursing practice should not take precedence over a patient’s comfort. Correct__ Incorrect__ 6. Dehydration is a normal part of the dying process. Correct__ Incorrect__ 7. Frequent repositioning of a dying patient is not always desirable. Correct__ Incorrect__ 8. When a patient is diagnosed as dying current medication should be reassessed and non-essentials discontinued. Correct__ Incorrect__ 9. Use of opioids is appropriate to control pain for the dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 10. Symptoms of increased chest secretions and terminal agitation are unavoidable in dying patients. Correct__ Incorrect__ 1. Regulation of bowel movements is often a problem for a dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 12. Retention of urine is more likely than urine incontinence in the dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 13. All dying patients will be at high risk of skin breakdown. Correct__ Incorrect__ 14. Breathless is a common symptom in the dying phase. Correct__ Incorrect__ 15. Gene ral comfort care should not take precedence over skin care. Correct__ Incorrect__ 16. Maintaining a fluid balance record for the dying patient is important. Correct__ Incorrect__ 17. The dying patient should not be coaxed to eat. Correct__ Incorrect__ 18. It is appropriate to control pain in the dying phase by use of both analgesia and sedation. Correct__ Incorrect__ 19. An acute episode in a chronically ill patient may represent a terminal event. Correct__ Incorrect__ 20. Reducing the respiratory rate can relieve breathlessness for the dying patient by reducing anxiety. Correct__ Incorrect__ Part C: Experience survey Section 1 Please answer each question by ticking the appropriate box. 1. Please indicate your number of years nursing experience. 1-5 years 5-10 years 10-15 years 15-20 years >20 years 2. Have you received pre-registration education in end-of-life care? Yes No 3. Have you received post-registration education in end-of-life care? Yes No Section 2 35 The following section concerns your experience in delivering comfort care to dying patients. Please indicate your answer to the question by placing a number in the box which corresponds to your experience (see answer guide). Answer guide: 0 1 2 3 4 5 never 1– 5 times 5–10 times 10–15 times 15– 20 times > 20 times 1. I have been present as a nurse when a patient has died. 2. I have been in charge of nursing care for a dying patient. 3. I have used an integrated care pathway for end-of-life care. 4. I have been part of an interdisciplinary team that identified a patient as dying. 5. I have collaborated with an interdisciplinary team in delivering end-of-life care for a dying patient. 6. I have nursed a dying patient with a do not resuscitate order. 7. I have set up a syringe driver for subcutaneous administration of anticipatory prescribed medications to a dying patient. 8. I have administered prescribed opiate drugs to a dying patient to control pain. 9. I have administered prescribed drugs to a dying patient to control respiratory secretions. 0. I have administered prescribed drugs to a dying patient to control breathlessness. 11. I have been involved in cessation of artificial hydration for a dying patient. 12. I have been involved in cessation of artificial feeding for a dying patient. 13. I have dealt with nausea and vomiting episodes for a dying patient. 14. I have managed constipation problems for a dying pat ient. 15. I have inserted a urinary catheter to manage urine retention for a dying patient. 16. When caring for a dying patient I have been involved making the decision to cease routine care and focus on comfort care. 7. I have managed physical comfort measures for a dying patient with the provision of an air mattress. 18. I have discussed the prognosis of dying with a patient in the dying phase 19. I have acted as advocate for a dying patient when he/she needed their wishes to be heard regarding treatment. 20. I have negotiated a cessation of diagnostic interventions for a dying patient Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. I sincerely value the important contribution that you have made to knowledge development in this area.

Invasion of Privacy by Employee Monitoring Essay

Employee monitoring has been a serious controversial issue in the modern workplaces besides its necessity. There are many technological surveillance methods are being used today, and it does not only monitor the quantity of work but the quality. Many employers believe that the monitoring helps to increase productivity and customer service activity and control and keep the business in an ideal, stable shape. They sometimes use it to determine one’s promotions and pay decisions as well as to reinforce disciplinary actions. However, what about employee’s privacy? Do employers think that the current monitoring situation is really fair to their employees? Lots of employers use different types of monitoring methods including computer monitoring, video surveillance, investigators, undercover operatives, spying, eavesdropping, wiretapping, and electronic mail and voice mail. All these methods are derived from high technology have made it so easy for those who are monitoring to overstep the boundaries from business information to private information. Many computer programs allow employers to access and monitor employee’s activities such as e-mail communication, keyboard activity, and website visiting history. A frequently debated issue is whether an employer has the right to read and check employee e-mail and voice messages. One recent survey shows that more than 73% of companies search or read employee files, e-mail messages, web connections, and other networking communication technology (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, p. 590). Another data shows 25% of them have fired employees for misusing communication technology. The problem is that currently, there is no privacy laws exist relating to employee e-mail even though several lawsuits have been filed for many years against employers because many people believe that such internal employee communications should be private. (Slobovnik and Stuart 144-160) Another method of surveillance that is commonly used in a workplace is video recording. This is the most effective form of monitoring yet. However, there are restrictions regarding the legality of using this form. It is defined as illegal if there is audible recording along with the images in the tape. Employees must know that they are being recorded, and most of all, images should not be taken in any undesignated area such as restrooms. In fact, there are some benefits from video surveillance, including increased safety on the job, deter employees from stealing, promote good behavior, and can be used as evidence of a crime. However, video surveillance also can create a false sense of security and a decrease in morale. Imagine if someone is watching where you go and what you do. You might think as if this is not a human workplace but more like a prison. It is absolutely a privacy invasion for employees. The most recent invention of technological surveillance is a Smartcard. One statistic says that 53% of U. S. companies are using Smartcard, and the numbers are increasing rapidly. It simply controls employees’ physical activities within the company; it allows company to track every personal activity from using cell phones to visiting information. Invasion of privacy is a growing concern among employees. â€Å"Electronic monitoring without informing employees that it is taking place is no different than spying. Monitoring is a supervisory tool, not a tool for employee surveillance (CSE, 2006). Monitoring is a simple way of invading employee’s privacy. For example, computer data banks, telephone and video monitoring, active badges, and other monitoring techniques make the private lives of workers easier to delve into without detection (Mishra, J. M; Crampton, S. M 1998). Employers can maintain the productivity and accuracy of their employees without invading their personal lives by using motivation methods. Punishments should be followed for those who break the company’s policy. However, employers also have to protect their employees’ right as a human being.

Restaurant takeover report and evaluation Essay

Restaurant takeover report and evaluation - Essay Example The legal framework in which the event has to be conducted within requires a lot of detail because it has various implications on key issues in the event including a significant impact on the customers, guests and any other participants at the event (Monica and Sally, 2005). The regulations also outline the roles and responsibilities of employers to their staff. Non compliance with the require legislation attracts heavy penalties. The event planners therefore need to take legal issues very seriously and comply with each legal detail so as to avoid the penalties and ensure that the event runs smoothly. A lot of attention also has to be given to the health and safety issues of both the members of staff serving during the event as well as the customers who will be attending the event. The place has to be safe for the day, most especially if it is going to attract a lot of people (Beth, 2007). There has to be a first aid team ready at hand to take care of any emergencies at the event. Th e members of staff have to have a safe environment to work within for that day so as to ensure their work is perfect. Safety planning also involves outlining a security plan of action. This will help restore things when they get out of hand. Most takeover events attract a lot of people who may have different characteristics. ... Background information This particular restaurant takeover that I was involved in happened a few weeks ago at my college. It was organized at the college restaurant and I happened to be part of the team involved in the planning period for the event. This was going to be a major event as we were expecting a huge turnout from both within and outside the college. The event was scheduled to take place on a Wednesday night between 6:00 pm and 9:00 pm. This being in the middle of the week, most students would be in campus and would come in large numbers to witness the event happening during the night. As part of the takeover team charged with the responsibility of planning and supervising the event, I was involved in almost every aspect of the event, we worked so hard to ensure the event went according to our script and that there were no sideshows or any major incidences during the occasion. Profile of the takeover Team The takeover team was made up of three people, my two colleagues and I. Our team was charged with the responsibility of managing the whole event from its preparation stage, supervising the event as well as wrapping up everything after the event. This task requires highly dedicated and committed individuals. The three of us had the necessary skills and dedication that was needed to see the event to a successful completion. It was a great opportunity for us to put in to practice the knowledge we had acquired in class. Specific Roles and Activities Undertaken My team was engaged with negotiations with the staff and supervisors of the college restaurant during the planning stages to make sure everyone understood their role during the event. These negotiations also helped us to deal with emerging

History Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

History Discussion - Research Paper Example It has been recognized that the confederation government mainly relied upon the state militaries in order to execute any sort of introductory administration related reforms. The government also possessed no such strong power in the field of regulation of trade. From the perspective of the state militaries, the government was unsuccessful to preserve a standing military power. Moreover, the confederation government could not implement the regulatory reforms adequately which was very much needed for interstate cooperation (Scribd Inc., â€Å"The Confederation Government†). The confederation government was not successful by a considerable level because the government was formed in such a way through which most of the powers of the government were retained by the states. Moreover, there was no presence of any federal judicial branch in the government. In addition, the government failed to execute the smooth flow and the regulation of trade and business among the states. The government chiefly relied upon requesting for funds in order to run the government instead of imposing applicable taxes upon the people (Scribd Inc., â€Å"The Confederation

Reform Program to Reduce Obesity in the United States Essay

Reform Program to Reduce Obesity in the United States - Essay Example But in the United States, the problem is getting worse. Obesity is not just people going fat – it is a disease that causes maladies like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer and strokes. Old and young members of society are susceptible to obesity. Adults suffer economic harm as they become more inactive when their body mass grows. People with a weight control problem have a real and identifiable physiological and medical condition, and obese people have shorter lives than non-obese people. Preventing and addressing obesity has cost billions of dollars for the government, estimated at $110 billion a year, equivalent to 1 percent of the U.S. Gross domestic Product. (Burd-Sharps et al. 2008, p. 64) The Problem Statistics revealed that one American dies every ninety seconds from obesity-related problems (Burd-Shaprs et al. 2008, p. 64). In the late 1990s, 280,000 Americans died of obesity-related problems every year (Allison et al. 1999). The proportion of Americans who are over weight and obese has increased dramatically within the past two decades, and increases in overweight and obesity cuts across all ages, racial and ethnic groups (Bailey, 2006, p. 24). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that for the first time in history, there are more overweight and obese people in the nation than people of normal weight. An estimated 61 percent of U.S. adults are either overweight or obese (Cooke & Wardle 2007, p. 238). Researchers stipulated that if the prevalence of obesity continues to rise especially at younger ages, the negative effect on health and longevity in the coming decades could be much worse. (Bailey 2006) Americans continue their way of life. Modern lifestyles characterized by inactivity are risk factors that will lead to diabetes and high-mortality diseases – insulin resistance, lipid disorders, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Food is cheaper, particularly high-fat foods. Changes in work habits and time pressure s in daily living have led to people gaining more weight. Lifestyles throughout the world have changed. This includes reductions in physical activity, increases in dietary intake, and the aging of the population. There is also the westernization of diet and of other aspects of lifestyles in developing countries. All these contribute to the dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (Shaw & Sicree, 2008). Risk factors linked with the modern lifestyle, including inactivity and obesity, are associated with insulin resistance, lipid disorders, hypertension, and vascular disease (Blaum, 2007). Moreover, concern has been growing over the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes in childhood and among teenagers, attributed to inactivity and increasing obesity levels in childhood. Early appearance of type 2 diabetes appears to be a growing problem, particularly among minority groups in the United States, including Hispanic Americans, African Americans, and Native Americans (Blaum 2007). Survey studies conducted among patients and physicians have demonstrated that physicians are failing to adequately identify the overweight and mildly obese patients, although there is greater recognition for the moderately to severely obese patients, particularly when accompanied by co-morbid conditions (Cooke & Wardle 2007, p. 238). In diabetes, there is energy imbalance – more energy intake with less energy expenditure. Therefore, early assessment of energy imbalance should be taken to

Job selection Practical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Job selection Practical - Essay Example y-rated computer and information systems professional with nine years of comprehensive knowledge in organization, maintenance, development and implementation of information systems along with software to assist firms to stay competitive through training staff, supervision of security operations and giving advice to management on the probable consequences of changes in technology, in addition to broad customer care experience in a fast-paced and highly technical environment. Demonstrated track record in regard to delivering excellent quality project governance that includes the assessment of risks, status reports, project proposals and plans as well as requests for project change 4. Have you improved the telephone or email system of your organization to VOIP or an integrated messaging system? Provide a description of the procedure and the attributes that influenced the choice of the new

Development and Information System s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Development and Information System s - Essay Example This has had an effect on my development as I tend to demonstrate similar characteristics when found in situations that lead to anger in me and I overreact sometimes to somewhat minor events. In addition, my social environment has also had an impact on my development as exemplified by the fact that I grew up in a tough neighbourhood and most of the friends that I surrounded myself with were filled with resentment and took every chance to always cause trouble or start a fight and this also grew in me by the mere association with my peers of the same character. There hence cannot be a clear and definitive line between heredity and environmental factors that separates then and gives superiority to one aspect as more responsible in influencing development in children as both do contribute accordingly. This two factors also played a major role in my personality development (Simanowitz& Pearce, 2003, p.56). For example, based on my family traits and the environment in growing up, I develop ed quite an ego and pride that made me always put myself first over others and in addition I developed a sense of self-defence when face with a problem that would potentially take an emotional toll on me. Information systems are the channels in an organisation or even an informal group of people by which information is relayed from one person to another within the group. An information system hence is basically a collection of people, data, technology and procedures that work together to produce information that is relevant to the activities of the organisation (Lucey, 2004, p.23). There are various types of information systems in organisations and in the organisation that I work in, the main types of information systems include, Transaction Processing Systems, Office Support Systems, Management Information Systems, Decision support Systems and Executive Information systems. These systems work in tandem to ensure that the flow and processing of information is kept relevant with all the information needed to be relayed to the necessary individuals being done on time and it should be of good quality. The Transaction processing systems are at the operational level. It is an information systems that obtains and processes data that ifs generated during the daily activities of an organisation and is performed mostly by the clerical and frontline staff in the organisation. These systems are aimed at helping an organisation to achieve its functionalities involving collection of data, processing it and transforming it into the required output for proper operation. Office support systems are designed to work in tandem with Transaction processing systems by enabling staff to perform their office duties with more ease and efficiency. The Management information systems in the organisation are the ones used by the middle level managers to aid them in ensuring that the organisation is and will continue to be run effectively both in the short run and in the long term. They ar e designed to enable the managers to perform comparisons in performance between present and prior time periods. The decision support systems in the organisation are used by the senior level managers to assist them in making decisions by allowing them to make projections of the aftermath of the decisions made in the future. Lastly, the organisation has an Executive information system. This is used by the executives and senior managers to aid t

Starting and Developing a New Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Starting and Developing a New Venture - Essay Example They have endured a lot and gone through many hurdles but their success is worth the risk they took. Their experiences in their different ventures are very vital for those aspiring to be in entrepreneurship. Although the two entrepreneurs have invested in different field, they have common entrepreneurial traits are attributed to them I regard to their line of work and which may have helped them become insiders and business mogul. All entrepreneurs have many things in common, but every one of them has a unique characteristic (Kaushik, & Bhatnagar, 2009, p.84). Stelios Haji Ioannou a self labeled serial entrepreneur studied Economics and later Shipping, Trade and Finance. He started working for his father and later set up his own shipping company with the capital he was given by his father. Haji started Easy jet in 1995 some years later after being acquitted by courts on charges of poor maintenance, manslaughter, intimidation and attempting to bribe witnesses. Haji held one of his serv ing crew responsible for the accident. On the other hand Richard Branson ventured into business at a tender age of 16. Though Branson had dyslexia and poor academic performance as a student, he later discovered his ability to connect with others. Entrepreneurial characteristics of Richard Branson and Haji Stelios Locus of Control The locus of control is the power in the principle that one can formulate and implement things. Most entrepreneurs have a high locus but in most cases they are poor in delegating duties. They are upbeat when it comes to venturing into business. They tend to be more practical and positive about their business ventures. In 1993, Branson took what most people thought was a very risky: the railway business. This is a good signal that he could do the impossible and make it happen in the practical world. Entering into the railway business for Branson was no weak point on his person but was by far and thick a measure of his ability to make things happen. For Haji taking on his business and making his firm the biggest budget airline corporation in Europe is not a small thing. By engaging in such a big venture against all odds Haji was taking the path often taken by very few people. Locus of control goes beyond setting up a venture and consists of such things like formulation, control and implementation. Branson and Haji are in that breed of entrepreneur who have managed to set themselves up and avail that consistent locus of control. Creativity and Innovation Necessity is the mother of invention. Most entrepreneurs rely on the necessity of a certain group of people. Curiosity and creativity is the quintessence of entrepreneurism. New products, new solutions and new ways are the core of creativity and in general entrepreneurism. It is about willing to think of all possibilities and opening one’s mind to creative things through being inquisitive of what is going on in the world and quite often generating a gimmick of stuff that suggests one’s ability to create new products that other people are afraid of thinking. Branson has been termed as one of the new generation of the creative world. He took products that were already in existence and made them look original. He has revolutionized the airline business by integrating it with other business ventures like the Virgin Fuels and Space tourism. Virgin Fuels was designed to respond to global warming and exploit the insistence spikes in

Time until the cubes go clear Essay Example for Free

Time until the cubes go clear Essay An investigation into the effect of diffusion on the size of a cell Introduction What I am going to do is place some agar phenolphthalein in a HCl solution and time until the cubes go clear. Theory Diffusion is the passive transport of how substances cross membranes. It is the movement of particles from of particles of a higher chemical potential to a lower one. In all diffusion the net flux of the particles transported is equal to physical property multiplied by the gradient. Diffusion happens because of the second law of thermodynamics; the entropy of closed system will always increase in time. Also substances being diffused go from a state of higher order to a state of lower order, so diffusion is a completely natural process for it requires no energy to happen. The rate of diffusion is dependant on a number of factors-   Particles will diffuse quicker when there is a high concentration gradient.   A short distance fro particles to diffuse across.   If the substance is small molecules they will diffuse quicker. Larger surface area increases rate of diffusion. For if there is larger surface area then it allows particles to diffuse faster as there is less resistance. The last one is the key one, as this one plus knowing the concentrations of the solutions allows you to work out the rate of diffusion by Ficks law. Surface area   difference in concentrations is proportional to rate of diffusion Thickness in membrane Hypothesis My hypothesis is that as you increase the surface area of the cells the rate of diffusion will increase. Preliminary Work. For my preliminary I gathered these results, I used 30ml of HCl for each cube, the results show that as you increase the surface area that the rate of diffusion deceases, this will be down to the fact that there is more indicator in the larger cubes. It also shows that my hypothesis is wrong, but I have already explained why. Surface area time to go clear (secs) rate of diffusion Apparatus 5 cubes of agar-phenolphthalein; 0. 5cm^3, 1cm^3, 2cm^3, 4cm^3, 6cm^3 250ml beaker 10cm^3 measuring cylinder mm rule. Scalpel 100 ml of 2M HCl Distilled water It is necessary to have a rule that measures in mm to ensure the cubes are measured accurately, it is the same for using the measuring cylinder as this is needed for the precision it posses in making the solution of acid. Distilled water is needed to ensure the results are reliable as tap water contains number of things that will offer resistance to diffusion. Variables The independent variable is the size of the agar cells, these will be made by cutting them up with a scalpel and measuring them to confirm, and I will have five different sizes and repeat the tests three times. The dependant variable is the time that it takes for the acid to make the phenolphthalein in the agar go clear, I will hold a piece of white paper behind the cube to ensure I am clear whether the test is over.   Control variables are the time which will be ten minutes, this will be time on a stopwatch, temperature will be kept at room temperature, the concentration of the acid will be kept the same, and it will be all made up at the same time this will ensure precision. The amount of phenolphthalein in the agar cells should be in equal proportion in all the cells as the agar jelly will come as one block. Safety This experiment is particularly dangerous but a number of precautions should be taken, goggles and gloves should be worn when handling acid as it comes at quite a high molarity. A cutting plate should also be used when cutting up the agar cubes. Disposal of the agar should be in the bin. Method Prepare agar cells using cutting plate and scalpel. Measure cubes using mm rule and trim if essential.   Measure out 30ml into a test tube   Place the cubes in the beaker and then fully submerge them in the HCl solution. Start stopwatch.   Turn the blocks frequently over the time. 2

Compensation techniques for 50 Gbps Duobinary System

Compensation techniques for 50 Gbps Duobinary System Pre, Post and Mix Compensation techniques for 50 Gbps Duobinary System Rupinder Kaur, Sanjeev Dewra Abstract: In this paper, the performance of duobinary system is analyzed by using different dispersion compensation techniques. The dispersion compensation techniques tested are Pre Compensation, Post Compensation and Mix Compensation. These techniques are applied to duobinary system, which operates at a bit rate of 50 Gbps. It is found that for 50 Gbps system, Mix Compensation technique shows better performance matrices like quality factor (i.e. 7.54 at 25 km)and bit error rate (i.e. 7.52e-15 at 25 km) as compared to other techniques. Keywords: Mach-Zender Intensity Modulator (MZIM), Single Mode Fiber (SMF), Q-factor, Bit Error Rate (BER), Low Pass Filter (LPF) Introduction For higher data rates, research in optical communications is being constantly driven by requirements. At a minimum bandwidth cost, Fiber Optics has reorganized the data communication technology by examining the limits of high speed network accessibility for the end users [1]. In high speed optical communication system duobinary modulation is a valuable solution that provides the better spectral efficiency and minimizes the performance degradation due to the nonlinear effects and dispersion [2–4]. Due to the promptly growing capacity requirements for long distance transmission, fiber optic communications are advancing into higher bit rate enabled [5]. To increase the capacity of system and to reduce the performance degradation caused by transmission impairments, systematic investigation is essential [6]. Duobinary formats are known for their high tolerance to residual chromatic dispersion and low spectral occupancy [7]. These features make them very attractive for both high spe ctral efficiency and high data rate. For high speed systems, Duobinary signaling has become an essential transmission format as the broadband networks and the bandwidth requirement has increased. By selecting suitable pulse shaping, the selection of optical modulation format has become an essential standard in any high speed link design. This optical signal pre-distortion based pulse shaping increases the dispersion tolerance related performances considerably [8, 9]. In long distance transmission systems, Fiber chromatic dispersion is one of the most severe limiting factor. If the fiber transmission length exceeds several tens of kilometers, dispersion effect can cause intolerable amounts of distortions that ultimately lead to errors. Therefore it is necessary to use dispersion compensation devices such as dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) [10, 11] to overcome dispersion effect and consequently decrease the nonlinear distortion. In this study, we propose three DCF compensation scheme, pre-compensation and post-compensation scheme. Simulation studies show that mix compensation scheme is the best. It can greatly reduce the influences of the fiber nonlinearity and increase the transmission distance greatly System Setup Duobinary Transmitter is designed with laser diodes, filters, modulators and all components which are essential to build an optical network. This simulation is carried out to observe the comparative study with various compensation techniques in the presence of chromatic dispersion. Duobinary signal is launched over DCF SMF spans of 5 km and 25 km each for post, pre and symmetric compensation schemes. Duobinary modulation is achieved by driving an external Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator. MZIM has three inputs, one for laser diode and other for data from the channels. It converts the electrical signal into optical signal. On the receiver side the output of the Lorentzian optical filter a photodiode converts the optical signal into an electrical signal an electrical low pass Bessel filter follows the PIN photodiode. This has a cut-off frequency 193.41449 THz. Finally at the output of the low pass filter visualization tool called Scope, BER estimation Q meter. It is an optical or elect rical oscilloscope with numerous data processing options, eye display and BER estimation features. The system setup of 50 Gbps duobinary transmission with pre, post and symmetric compensation techniques is as shown in figure below. Fig. 1 Duobinary system with Post Compensation technique Fig. 2 Duobinary system with Pre Compensation technique Fig. 3 Duobinary system with Mix Compensation technique Pre-compensation scheme achieve dispersion compensation by place the DCF before a certain conventional single-mode fiber, or after the optical transmitter. Post -compensation scheme achieve dispersion compensation by place the DCF after a certain conventional single-mode fiber, or before the optical transmitter. Mix compensation scheme is consist of post-compensation and pre-compensation Result and Discussion To evaluate the performance of 50 Gbps duobinary system several measurements for Pre, Post and Symmetric compensation techniques were taken. The quality factor versus transmission distance is as shown in Fig.4. The graph shows that the performance of pre, post and mix compensation is compared by varying the distance from 5 to 30 km. Fig.4 Quality Factor vs Transmission distance Fig.4 depicts quality factor versus transmission distance graph. It is observed that by increasing the transmission distance from 5 to 30 km, Quality factor is decreasing. The variation in Q factor is 22.26 to 5.67 for mix compensation, 19.47 to 4.84 for post compensation and 14.04 to 4.69 for pre compensation. It is observed that maximum quality factor is shown from mix compensation technique i.e. 7.54 (at 25 km transmission distance) as compared to post and pre compensation techniques which is 6.33 and 6.12 respectively. Fig.5 Bit error rate vs Transmission distance Fig. 5 shows the transmission distance vs bit error rate graph. The variation in BER from different compensation techniques is 4.05e-72 to 8.20e-8 for mix compensation, 4.61e-58 to 6.57e-7 for post compensation and 4.50e-45 to 4.48e-5 for pre compensation. This simulation result shows that at 25 km transmission distance, the minimum bit error rate value is obtained by mix compensation technique which is 7.52e-15 whereas the bit error rate value for post and pre compensation technique is 3.04e-13 and 1.75e-10 respectively. Fig. 6 Quality Factor vs Input Power Fig. 6 display the influence of signal input power on the performance of duobinary system. From the graph, we can find that as the signal input power increases, quality factor increases upto certain limit, after which it starts falling. This can be understood from the fact that for low powers, the performance of system improves with the increase in input power. However, at higher powers, the wavelengths tend to overlap each other causing more dominance of non-linear effects and thus reduce the quality factor. From the graph it also concluded that the quality factor of mix compensation is greater than the other two kind of compensation techniques. Conclusion In this paper, we investigate the behavior of Pre, Post and Mix compensation techniques on the basis of quality factor and bit error rate at 50 Gbps system and conclude which compensation technique perform better. From the comparative performance analysis for different compensation techniques, it is found that mix compensation is better than pre and post compensation techniques for long haul communication system. It may also be concluded that for lower laser input power, quality factor is better for all compensation techniques. References X. Zheng, F. Liu, and P. Jeppesen, â€Å"Receiver optimization for 40-Gb/s optical duobinary signal,† IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.13, pp.744–746, July 2001. Yogesh Chabra, R.S.Kaler,†comparison of various compensation techniques at high bit rates using CSRZ formats,† Optik (Stuttg),121(9), 813–817, 2010. Dewra, Sanjeev, and R. S. Kaler. Performance evaluation of an optical network based on optical cross add drop multiplexer†,Journal of Optical Technology, 2013, pp. 502-505. Barnoski, Michael, ed. â€Å"Fundamentals of optical fiber communications†, Elsevier, pp. 109-133, 2012. S. L. Jansen, G.-D. Khoe, H. de Waardt, S. Spalter, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, S. J. Field, H. E. Escobar, and M. H. Sher, â€Å"Mixed data rate and format transmission (40 Gb/s NRZ, 40 Gb/s duobinary, 10 Gb/s NRZ) using mid-link spectral inversion,† Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 20, pp. 2348–2350, Oct. 2004. W. Kaiser, M. Wichers, T. Wuth, W. Rosenkranz, C. Scheerer, C. Glingener, A. Farbert, J.-P. Elbers, G. Fischer, â€Å"SPM-Limit of duobinary transmission†, pp. 22-28, Sept. 2000. Debabrata Sikdar, Vinita Tiwari, Yajnaseni Saha, V.K. Chaubey, â€Å"Investigation of modulator chirp and extinction ratio in different RZ- and NRZ duobinary transmitter modules for performance optimization†, vol. 124, no.13, July 2013, pp. 1411–1414. K. Yang, S. Ou, K. Guild, H.-H. Chen, â€Å"Convergence of Ethernet PON and IEEE 802.16 broadband access networks and Its QoS-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation` Scheme†, IEEE J. Select Areas Commun. 27, 2009, pp. 101–116. H. Kim and C. X. Yu, â€Å"Optical duobinary transmission system featuring improved receiver sensitivity and reduced optical bandwidth,† IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 1205–1207, Aug. 2002. Debabrata Sikdar, Vinita Tiwari, V.K. Chaubey, â€Å"Optimized transmitter module for NRZ-duobinary in long-haul optical transmission link†, vol. 124, no. 17, September 2013, pp. 2597–2601. P. Pecci, S. Lanne, Y. Frignac, J. C. Antona, G. Charlet, and S. Bigo, â€Å"Tolerance to Dispersion compensation parameters of six modulation formats in systems operating at 43 Gb/s,† in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication, Rimini, Italy, 2003, pp. 528–529.

False Imprisonment And Merchant Protection Statutes Law Essay

False Imprisonment And Merchant Protection Statutes Law Essay Although the area of business law with which I am most familiar and have the most knowledge is contract law, secured transactions and bankruptcy, my first jury trial was a case involving a slip and fall at the old Rickshaw Hotel which was located across from the former Garden State Race Track on Route 70 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey [This really dates me because the Rickshaw Hotel is now a car dealership and the Racetrack is a shopping center]. In a law firm, the newest associate is usually given the garbage cases, ones which were not likely to succeed and with which a partner did not want to be associated. This case was brought into our office shortly before trial, because an attorney who was licensed only in Pennsylvania thought he could have settled it before trial. However, there was one piece of testimony from a deposition that led the defense to believe the case had no merit. That statement was in answer to a question to the injured woman, When and where did you learn of the tear in the carpet at the hotel? She answered, In my attorneys office when he told me there was a tear in the carpet. I started the trial by telling the jury in the opening statement, That the defense would very shortly tell you, members of the jury, that This case is a fraud and that the reason they know it is a fake, is because of the deposition testimony. I said, Just the opposite is the case. This is a very truthful woman. She answered the question correctly, because that is exactly what happened. She did learn of the tear from her former attorney. If she had not been walking down a poorly lit hallway, if she could have seen the torn carpet, surely she would not have caught her foot in the tear, she did not see the tear as she fell and hit her head against the wooden chair rail on the wall, she did not see it as she lay unconsciously on the floor and she never saw it as she was carried on a stretcher out of the building. The case settled before I called my first witness. Every negligence case centers on what would the ordinary reasonable person find to be the case. Week Two OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this workshop, students are expected to competently: Describe the concept of ethical leadership. Understand the key concepts of ethics in the context of a business environment. Comprehend the concepts of Duty of Care, Negligence and Liability. Intentional torts against persons and against property Assault and battery Assault is the threat of immediate harm or offensive contact or any action that arouses reasonable apprehension of imminent harm. Actual physical contact is unnecessary. Battery is the unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person. Direct physical contact is unnecessary. False imprisonment and merchant protection statutes False imprisonment is intentional confinement or restraint of another person without authority or justification and without that persons consent. Merchant protection statutes allow merchants to stop, detain, and investigate suspected shoplifters without being held liable for false imprisonment if (1) there are reasonable grounds for suspicion, (2) suspects are detained for only a reasonable time, and (3) investigations are conducted in a reasonable manner. Defamation of character and invasion of privacy If a person makes a false statement about another person, that is defamation of character. In court, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant make an untrue statement of fact about the plaintiff and that the statement was intentionally or accidentally published to a third party. Public figures cannot recover for defamation unless they can prove that the defendant acted with actual malice. Every person has a right to live his or her life without being subjected to unwarranted and undesired publicity. Violation of this right is the tort of invasion of the right to privacy. Intentional torts against property Interference with an owners right to exclusive possession of land constitutes the tort of trespass to land. Trespass to personal property occurs whenever one person injures another persons personal property. Conversion of personal property occurs when someone who originally is given possession of personal property fails to return it. Negligence Elements of Negligence Elements of negligence include: That the defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff A duty of care is the obligation we all owe to each other not to cause unreasonable harm or risk of harm. Courts decide whether a duty of care is owed in specific cases by applying a reasonable person standard (how would an objective, careful, and conscientious person have acted in the same circumstances) or a reasonable professional standard (where the defendant has a particular expertise or competence). That the defendant breached this duty of care A breach of the duty of care is the failure to exercise care. That the plaintiff suffered injury The plaintiff must suffer personal injury or damage to his or her property to recover monetary damages for the defendants negligence. That the defendants act caused the plaintiffs injury A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless his or her act was the cause of the plaintiffs injuries. Causation in fact or actual cause-a person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless causation in fact can be proven. Proximate or legal cause-the law establishes a point along a chain of events caused by a negligent party after which that party is no longer legally responsible for the consequences of his or her actions. Intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress Intentional infliction of emotional distress or the tort of outrage occurs when a persons extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another person. Some jurisdictions have extended this doctrine to include negligent infliction of emotional distress where the defendants negligence causes emotional distress. The most common example is bystanders who witness the death or injury of a loved one caused by anothers negligent conduct. Special negligence doctrines Negligence per se is a tort where the violation of a statute or ordinance constitutes the breach of the duty of care. An example would include a statute that establishes a duty for homeowners to fix their sidewalks. Res ipsa loquitur can occur when the defendant was in exclusive control of the situation and the plaintiff would not have suffered injury but for someones negligence. A good example is a surgical instrument left in a patients body. Dram shop acts make taverns and bartenders liable for injuries caused to or by patrons who are served too much alcohol. Similarly, some states make social hosts liable for injuries caused by guests who become intoxicated at a social function. Many state guest statutes provide that if a driver voluntarily and without compensation gives a ride to another person, the driver is not liable to the passenger for injuries caused by the drivers ordinary negligence. Good Samaritan laws relieve medical professionals from liability for ordinary negligence when they stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations. Under the firemans rule, a fireman who is injured while putting out a fire may not sue the party whose negligence caused the fire. The danger invites rescue doctrine provides that a rescuer who is injured while going to someones rescue can sue the person who caused the dangerous situation. Common carriers are held to a higher standard than most other businesses; they have a duty of utmost care, rather than a duty of ordinary care, to their passengers and patrons. Landowners owe a duty of ordinary care to invitees and licensees, but generally do not owe a duty of ordinary care to a trespasser. Defenses to tort liability Superseding or intervening event-a defendant is not liable for injuries caused by a superseding or intervening event for which he or she is not responsible. Assumption of the risk-a defendant can use this defense against a plaintiff who knowingly and voluntarily entered into or participated in a risky activity, for example car racing, that resulted in injury. Contributory negligence-this doctrine states that a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his or her own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant. Many states have rejected this doctrine and replaced it with the doctrine of comparative negligence. Comparative negligence-the comparative negligence doctrine apportions damages according to fault. Fraud Fraud or intentional misrepresentation or deceit occurs when a wrongdoer deceives another out of money, property, or something of value. The elements of fraud are: The wrongdoer made a false representation of material fact. The wrongdoer had knowledge that the representation was false and intended to deceive the innocent party (scienter). The innocent party justifiably relied on the misrepresentation. The innocent party was injured. Terms assault-(1) The threat of immediate harm or offensive contact or (2) any action that arouses reasonable apprehension of imminent harm. Actual physical contact is not necessary. assumption of the risk-A defense in which the defendant must prove that (1) the plaintiff knew and appreciated the risk and (2) the plaintiff voluntarily assumed the risk. battery-Unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person. Direct physical contact is not necessary. causation in fact or actual cause-The actual cause of negligence. A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless causation in fact can be proven. causation-A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless his or her act was the cause of the plaintiffs injuries. The two types of causation that must be proven are (1) causation in fact (actual cause) and (2) proximate cause (legal cause). comparative negligence-A doctrine that applies to strict liability actions that says a plaintiff who is contributorily negligent for his injuries is responsible for a proportional share of the damages. contributory negligence-A doctrine that says a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant. conversion of personal property-A tort that deprives a true owner of the use and enjoyment of his or her personal property by taking over such property and exercising ownership rights over it. covenant of good faith and fair dealing-Under this implied covenant, the parties to a contract not only are held to the express terms of the contract but also are required to act in good faith and deal fairly in all respects in obtaining the objective of the contract. danger invites rescue doctrine-Doctrine that provides that a rescuer who is injured while going to someones rescue can sue the person who caused the dangerous situation. defamation of character-False statement(s) made by one person about another. In court, the plaintiff must prove that (1) the defendant made an untrue statement of fact about the plaintiff and (2) the statement was intentionally or accidentally published to a third party. Dram Shop Act-Statute that makes taverns and bartenders liable for injuries caused to or by patrons who are served too much alcohol. duty not to willfully or wantonly injure-The duty an owner owes a trespasser to prevent intentional injury or harm to the trespasser when the trespasser is on his or her premises. duty of ordinary care-Collecting banks are required to exercise ordinary care in presenting and sending checks for collection. duty of utmost care-A duty of care that goes beyond ordinary care that says common carriers and innkeepers have a responsibility to provide security to their passengers or guests. false imprisonment-The intentional confinement or restraint of another person without authority or justification and without that persons consent. Good Samaritan law-Statute that relieves medical professionals from liability for ordinary negligence when they stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations. guest statute-Statute that provides that if a driver of a vehicle voluntarily and without compensation gives a ride to another person, the driver is not liable to the passenger for injuries caused by the drivers ordinary negligence. injury-The plaintiff must suffer personal injury or damage to his or her property in order to recover monetary damages for the defendants negligence. intentional infliction of emotional distress-A tort that says a person whose extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another person is liable for that emotional distress. Also known as the tort of outrage. intentional interference with contractual relations-A tort that arises when a third party induces a contracting party to breach the contract with another party. intentional misrepresentation-(1) Tort that occurs when a wrongdoer deceives another person out of money, property, or something else of value. Also known as fraud or deceit; (2) when a seller or lessor fraudulently misrepresents the quality of a product and a buyer is injured thereby. intentional tort-Occurs when a person has intentionally committed a wrong against (1) another person or his or her character, or (2) another persons property. invasion of the right to privacy-A tort that constitutes the violation of a persons right to live his or her life without being subjected to unwarranted and undesired publicity. libel-A false statement that appears in a letter, newspaper, magazine, book, photograph, movie, video, etc. negligence per se-Tort where the violation of a statute or ordinance constitutes the breach of the duty of care. negligence-A tort related to defective products where the defendant has breached a duty of due care and caused harm to the plaintiff. negligent infliction of emotional distress-A tort that permits a person to recover for emotional distress caused by the defendants negligent conduct. palming off-Unfair competition that occurs when a company tries to pass one of its products as that of a rival. professional malpractice-The liability of a professional who breaches his duty of ordinary care. proximate cause or legal cause-A point along a chain of events caused by a negligent party after which this party is no longer legally responsible for the consequences of his or her actions. punitive damages-Damages that are awarded to punish the defendant, to deter the defendant from similar conduct in the future, and to set an example for others. res ipsa loquitur-Tort where the presumption of negligence arises because (1) the defendant was in exclusive control of the situation and (2) the plaintiff would not have suffered injury but for someones negligence. The burden switches to the defendant(s) to prove they were not negligent. slander-Oral defamation of character. social host liability-Rule that provides that social hosts are liable for injuries caused by guests who become intoxicated at a social function. States vary as to whether they have this rule in effect. strict liability-Liability without fault. superseding event-A defendant is not liable for injuries caused by a superseding or intervening event for which he or she is not responsible. tort of misappropriation of the right to publicity-An attempt by another person to appropriate a living persons name or identity for commercial purposes. tort-A wrong. There are three categories: (1) intentional torts, (2) unintentional torts (negligence), and (3) strict liability. trespass to land-A tort that interferes with an owners right to exclusive possession of land. trespass to personal property-A tort that occurs whenever one person injures another persons personal property or interferes with that persons enjoyment of his or her personal property. unfair competition-Competition that violates the law. Internet Links Torts generally: www.law.com American Bar Association Tort and Insurance Practice Section: www.abanet.org/tips/home.html Tort and Insurance Law Journal: www.abanet.org/tips/journal/lawjournal.html Discussion Question Knight v. Jewett Facts: On January 25, 1987, the day of the 1987 Super Bowl football game, plaintiff Kendra Knight and defendant Michael Jewett, together with a number of other social acquaintances, attended a Super Bowl party at the home of a mutual friend. During half time of the Super Bowl, several guests decided to play an informal game of touch football on an adjoining dirt lot, using a peewee football. Each team had four or five players and included both women and men; plaintiff and defendant were on opposing teams. No rules were explicitly discussed before the game. Five to ten minutes into the game, defendant ran into plaintiff during a play. According to plaintiff, at that point she told defendant not to play so rough or I was going to have to stop playing. Her declaration stated that [defendant] seemed to acknowledge my statement and left me with the impression that he would play less rough prospectively. In his deposition, defendant recalled that plaintiff had asked him to be careful, but did not remember plaintiff saying she would stop playing. On the very next play, plaintiff sustained the injuries that gave rise to the present lawsuit. As defendant recalled the incident, his team was on defense on that play, and he jumped up in an attempt to intercept a pass. He touched the ball but did not catch it, and in coming down collided with plaintiff, knocking her over. When he landed, he stepped backward onto plaintiffs right hand, injuring her hand and little finger. Both plaintiff and Andrea Starr, another participant in the game who was on the same team as plaintiff, recalled the incident differently from defendant. According to their declarations, at the time plaintiff was injured, Starr had already caught the pass. Defendant was running toward Starr, when he ran into plaintiff from behind, knocked her down, and stepped on her hand. Starr also stated that, after knocking plaintiff down, defendant continued running until he tagged Starr, which tag was hard enough to cause me to lose my balance, resulting in a twisting or spraining of my ankle. The game ended with plaintiffs injury, and plaintiff sought treatment shortly thereafter. After three operations failed to restore the movement in her little finger or to relieve the ongoing pain of the injury, plaintiffs finger was amputated. Plaintiff then instituted the present proceeding, seeking damages from defendant on theories of negligence and assault and battery. Imagine that you are on the California Supreme Court and are faced with this case. Do you rule that the plaintiff is barred any recovery because California has followed the common law theory of assumption of risk? Or do you rule that the plaintiffs conduct was such that she does not come within the doctrine of assumption of risk? Or finally, do you rule that the assumption of risk defense should simply be discarded in modern tort practice and you rule that the assumption of risk is no longer a valid doctrine in California. (Please note, I am not asking you to research the actual case, but rather to use the text and your own experience to guide your opinion.)

Thomas Hardys The Sons Veto, Graham Greenes The Basement Room and al

Thomas Hardy's The Son's Veto, Graham Greene's The Basement Room and alan Sillitoe's Uncle Ernest In each of the three stories, 'The Son's Veto' by Thomas Hardy, 'The Basement Room' by Graham Green and 'Uncle Ernest' by Alan Silitoe, the respective writer conveys a sense of isolation regarding the central character. There are numerous similarities between the characters based on their common plight, but each story differs in the portrayal of these characters. The writer's effectively present the characters using a varying range of literary styles. In 'The Son's Veto' the disabled Sophy is denied happiness from not fitting in to a higher social class. Graham Green in 'The Basement Room' employs a surreal situation to demonstrate the vulnerability and naiveity of youth. 'Uncle Ernest' is a story, which adopts a dreary approach to Ernest's life. The opening descriptions of the three characters are very effective and induce stereotypical views. This applies to Ernest especially in 'Uncle Ernest' as we first hear of him wearing a "dirty raincoat" and looking as though he "hadn't washed for a month". These observations imply that Ernest is homeless and the use of "dirty" further emphasize the fact that something is wrong in his life. Sophy also stands out from everyone else in 'The Son's Veto' but for different reasons to Ernest. Hardy creates Sophy's character to be misplaced in society, as she is a "young invalid lady" and wheel chair bound. In contrast to this her "nut brown hair was a wonder and a mystery". Her hair is used to make reference to her history suggesting a mysterious and dark background yet its vibrancy allowed her to maintain a part of her character. The wheel chair depicts isolation espe... ...he war. The reader is overwhelmed with sympathy for Ernest, as nothing ever seems to result in happiness for him. Our sympathies lie with all three characters as their isolation has been conveyed to the reader effectively by each author. Philips loneliness is a result of a troubled up bringing which leaves him mentally scared for life. Sophy and Ernest on the other hand are similar to each other and unlike Philip. They both induce a sense of helplessness in the reader after a life of persistent disappointment denies them from any chance of happiness. It becomes almost inevitable that Ernest and Sophy would end up completely isolated as events throughout the stories favor this outcome. On the other hand Philip's situation is different, he is portrayed as a very vulnerable character and it's as if he is prevented from ever having a chance to live a life.

Use of Disguises in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays

Use of Disguises in Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters' use of disguises in Homer's Odyssey is a crucial element that helps to catalyze the victory of good over evil.   Each disguise is unique, created for a specific purpose.   Before she talks to Telemachos, Athena disguises herself as a wise old man in order to ensure that her words carry weight and are taken seriously.   She knows that she must assist and encourage Telemachos into searching for his long lost father without revealing her divine nature, so she assumes the guise of Mentor because men were generally given more credibility in those days.   In a similar vein, Odysseus disguises himself as a homeless man in order to exude anonymity so that he can safely return to Ithaka where he slaughters the inconsiderate suitors.   The characters' use of disguises is a key element that Homer utilizes to further the story as well as spice up the plot.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Fame and fortune is the ultimate goal of any man"(Heubeck 21).   One lives to strive for the best and conquer the world, metaphorically speaking for reaching his highest potential.   "Although not everyone can achieve such high status, if a man can conquer a feat thus similar, his name can be passed on and he will be immortal" (Van der Valk 63).   In Homer's Odyssey, the ultimate goal of fame and fortune entices Odysseus to disregard his morals by using cunning and trickery for lying and killing others, to ensure his homecoming to Ithaka. First of all, Odysseus is deemed a hero in the eyes of the Achaians.   His intelligent mind renders him a heroic figure among ... ... are one among those mortals who live in this country, ...blessed...with happiness at the thought of you, seeing/ such a slip of beauty...but blessed at the heart, even beyond these others, is that one/ who, after loading you down with gifts, leads you as his bride/ home" (Homer 106, L. 153-160).   He has just ensured Nausikaa's approval and will receive aid from her, just by telling her what she wants to hear. Works Cited and Consulted: Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949. Use of Disguises in Homer's Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays Use of Disguises in Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters' use of disguises in Homer's Odyssey is a crucial element that helps to catalyze the victory of good over evil.   Each disguise is unique, created for a specific purpose.   Before she talks to Telemachos, Athena disguises herself as a wise old man in order to ensure that her words carry weight and are taken seriously.   She knows that she must assist and encourage Telemachos into searching for his long lost father without revealing her divine nature, so she assumes the guise of Mentor because men were generally given more credibility in those days.   In a similar vein, Odysseus disguises himself as a homeless man in order to exude anonymity so that he can safely return to Ithaka where he slaughters the inconsiderate suitors.   The characters' use of disguises is a key element that Homer utilizes to further the story as well as spice up the plot.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Fame and fortune is the ultimate goal of any man"(Heubeck 21).   One lives to strive for the best and conquer the world, metaphorically speaking for reaching his highest potential.   "Although not everyone can achieve such high status, if a man can conquer a feat thus similar, his name can be passed on and he will be immortal" (Van der Valk 63).   In Homer's Odyssey, the ultimate goal of fame and fortune entices Odysseus to disregard his morals by using cunning and trickery for lying and killing others, to ensure his homecoming to Ithaka. First of all, Odysseus is deemed a hero in the eyes of the Achaians.   His intelligent mind renders him a heroic figure among ... ... are one among those mortals who live in this country, ...blessed...with happiness at the thought of you, seeing/ such a slip of beauty...but blessed at the heart, even beyond these others, is that one/ who, after loading you down with gifts, leads you as his bride/ home" (Homer 106, L. 153-160).   He has just ensured Nausikaa's approval and will receive aid from her, just by telling her what she wants to hear. Works Cited and Consulted: Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

Observation Report

Observation Report The person observed for this report. She has been observed during two separate negotiations and this is a report on the observations made during them. This report will also provide interpretations on what has been observed. Observervation 1(Pub Brewery, Buyer) Body language Observee has her arms crossed and resting on the table. Her upper-body is leaning in slightly and she is making eye contact with the other party on a regular basis. She smiles on occasion and uses hand gestures whenever appropriate. She does not openly react surprised to unexpected information or demands from the other party.However, she does not have her heels on the floor, instead her feet are resting on their toes. Observee makes a professional, calm and friendly impression based on her body language. Although her heels are not touching the floor, this is somewhat understandable as she isn’t very tall. This makes it difficult for her to reach the floor with her heels while remaining in a comfortable position. Oral Communication Observee does not speak as often as her partner, the time she speaks is significantly less. However, whenever she does speak, she addresses the other party in a friendly tone and with professional vocabulary.She also concretely agrees to suggestions while in the middle game of the negotiation, instead of waiting for the end game to do this. Observee seems to not want to ‘waste’ time on superfluous conversation and instead says what she means clearly and concisely. This does not come across as unkind or emotionless, rather as direct. She also seems to be comfortable in letting her partner do the greater part of the negotiating and building on the points her partner makes. Questions The observee regularly asks questions. These questions are mostly closed questions.Observee seems to use these questions as feedback whilst paraphrasing, to see if she correctly understood the other party. Observervation 2(Cuddles LTD, Seller) Body l anguage Observee has her arms crossed and resting on the table. Her upper-body is leaning in slightly and she is making eye contact with the other party on a regular basis, this time she also spend a lot of time looking at her notebook. She also smiles frequently and uses hand gestures whenever appropriate. This time she has her heels on the floor, and is sitting on the edge of her seat.She still does not openly react surprised to unexpected information or demands from the other party. Observee still makes a professional, and friendly impression. She also seems more at ease and calm than in the previous negotiations. The time she spends looking at her notebook is used to make calculations concerning the negotiation, it should therefore not be interpreted as rude or as a sign of a lack of interest. Oral Communication Observee speaks more frequently than during the previous observation, the amount of time she and her partner speak is roughly equal.She addresses the other party in a fr iendly tone and with a professional and diverse vocabulary. She still concretely agrees to suggestions while in the middle game of the negotiation, instead of waiting for the end game. Observee seems to feel more comfortable taking the lead in the negotiation, she doesn’t dominate though. She leaves plenty of room for her partner and the other party to speak. She is pleasant to speak with and creates an atmosphere of harmony and trust. Questions As the observe speaks more frequently during this negotiation, there were more questions to be observed.She still predominantly asks closed questions, but she asks significantly more open questions than during the previous observation. Observee still seems to use the closed questions as feedback, to see if she correctly understood what the other party said. She seems to use her open questions to gather more information during the opening game. Negotiation style Ms creates the impression that she has a negotiating style which is very i nclined to compromise and is aimed towards making the other party feel comfortable during the negotiation.This creates a pleasant environment in which to negotiate, it does however not necessarily yield the best deals. Tips for her to improve would be for her to be slightly less lenient whilst negotiating and spend more time exploring other possibilities and agreements. She seems eager to move from her original position and agree to terms set by the opposing party. It would benefit her, and her deal, if she spent the entire middle game exploring opportunities and saving agreements for the end game. Other than these points, Ms seems to be a good and professional negotiator.

Best Buy Analysis

Best Buy Context Analysis Best Buy Co. , Inc. is a specialty retailer of consumer electronics in the United States, accounting for 19% of the market. It also operates in Mexico, Canada, China, Turkey and the United Kingdom. The company's subsidiaries include Geek Squad, Magnolia Audio Video, Pacific Sales, and in Canada operates under both the Best Buy and Future Shop label (Dual Branding). Together these operate more than 1,150 stores in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, China, Mexico, and Turkey.In addition, the company has rolled out over 100 Best Buy Express Automated Retail stores or â€Å"ZoomShops†, operated by Zoom Systems, in airports and malls around the U. S. The company's corporate headquarters are located in Richfield, Minnesota. Best Buy was named â€Å"Company of the Year† by Forbes magazine in 2004, â€Å"Specialty Retailer of the Decade† by Discount Store News in 2001, ranked in the Top 10 of â€Å"America's Most Generous Corporations† by Forbes magazine in 2005, and made Fortune magazine's List of Most Admired Companies in 2006.On March 9, 2009, Best Buy became the primary electronics retail store (online and bricks and mortar) in the eastern United States, after smaller rival Circuit City went out of business. Fry's Electronics remains a major competitor in the western United States. Many locations feature in-store pickup, which can be arranged through the company's website. Climate Factors Political * Best Buy is engaged in various activities to promote the promotion of candidates and political organizations. The company complies with all the laws related to the political contributions and strives to contribute to the  parties that are interested in the well being of their industry (Best Buy, 2009). Economic * The economic slowdown has no doubt affected the business operations of Bust Buy Co. and they are facing consumer related challenges at every point in the market. * Due to these economic conditions, i n 2008, Best Buy Co. asked its employee’s to separate from the company on voluntary basis (ecoustics, 2008).This strategy allowed the company to settle down in the market to some extent. * Corporate partnership with CPW has helped the company to perform better in the adverse conditions of the economy and markets Social * Best Buy is engaged in effective social and community related initiatives. * It has developed Children’s Foundation that aims to support the local communities via its grant making programs. * It took an initiative to give power to teens to improve their relationship and educational status at school and for them to engage in their communities. The company gives grants and store donations to promote education. * Has partnered up with foundations like Admission Possible, AFI Screen Nation, America Scores, American Red Cross Society, Ashoka’s Youth Venture, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, among others. Technological * The company is highly equipped with the latest gadgets and the technology it requires to facilitate its customer base. * They are also using technologies like click stream on the websites to keep the anonymous track of their visitor’s preferences and likes.This technology helps them to develop a better, more secure shopping experience and helps Best Buy to understand how visitors use their website. Environmental * Best Buy launched a program called Greener together to increase the energy efficiency in its products and to reduce the level of waste  by using recyclable packaging and disposing system. * The company also offers free recycling of gadgets large and small. Bust Buy S. W. O. T. Analysis Strength * Consumers have a positive view of Best Buy as opposed to competitors * Strong market presence and wide consumer base provides competitive dvantage. * Loyalty programs – â€Å"Reward Zone† * Acquisitions like Future Shops, Geek Squad, Napster, and Jiangsu Five Star * Knowledgeable Staff W eaknesses * Private Brand recalls * Constrained credit availability Opportunities * Expanding presence in China, Mexico, Europe, Canada, UK, and Turkey. * Private brand potential * Growing online sales * Circuit City’s demise has freed up some of the market * Dual branding in Canada and China Threats * Economic slowdown * Intense competition * Political issues between U. S. and China * Quality issues with Chinese exporters.

An abundance of dog doodoo

These homeowners want to remedy the problem, but believe we need to remedy the people and â€Å"encourage† the problem. Allowing your dog to sit on someone's lawn or on private property, could embody many social benefits. As soon as someone sees a stranger In front of their property, It Is natural to become somewhat alarmed but also curious. Therefore, It Is a great opportunity to strike up a conversation and make a new friend. They may also enjoy letting their pet poop in every quarter of the neighborhood and you might gain a dog walking partner.Additionally, dog crap could be a great tool to use against an enemy. If you strongly dislike someone who Is very irritating, bring your dog for a stroll near their house and let your pet do the dirty work. Chances are they won't know it's you and if they do, hand them this essay explaining the many benefits of dog poop. Besides, the world needs people like us! Proportions â€Å"The Solution for Responsible Dog Owners† is a bus iness primarily based In Chicago. They feed off of this pet peeve because homeowners that are frustrated with the amount of poop In their yard will pay for a Proteins kit.They collect a DNA sample of the feces and bring it into the lab to be tested. Once they identify a DNA match, they will notify you so that you can identify the perpetrator and administer a fine. Therefore, I think we are boosting the economy. Without us dog walkers, Portents would not have a business and many people would be without their poop sampling job. In other respects, letting your dog poop indiscriminately can profit the homeowner as well. Manure is actually a great fertilizer and worms especially enjoy it for feeding and growing. Worms help to Increase the amount of alarm and water that gets Into the soil.They break down organic matter, like leaves and grass into things that plants can SE. Worms are a great help to providing a nice, healthy garden filled with flowers and plants (l wouldn't recommend veget ables if feces are present). Granting that there Is an abundant supply of fat worms around the homeowners' yard, they can make extra Income and sell them for freshwater fishing and also as fertilizer for flowers, trees and lawns. In fact, dog feces in the yard can be very good and a helpful FIFO watch where they walk and play and most certainly, they will learn not to put Just anything in their mouths.If by chance they do try and eat dog poop, it is okay, don't ret, because this could build their immune system, fighting bacteria such as E-Coli and Salmonella. Perhaps the mess in the yard does bother you, simply teach your kids some responsibility and make it a task that they have to do daily. Every time they see a neighborhood dog walking down the road, tell them to get the poop bag ready, there's most likely a surprise waiting for them on the front lawn. Not to mention, these daily walks are great for your dog.Most dog breeds were developed with a specific purpose in mind for examp le, sporting, working, herding and so forth. Consequently, whether your pet is a pure bred or mixed breed, chances re he carries genetic traits that drive him to pursue activity and adventure. Many modern day dogs don't get the opportunities to do what their breed instincts tell them to do. In addition, it's a rare dog that exercises on his own, and many backyards don't provide the variety of sensory stimulation most dogs need to ward off boredom.Generally, people walk their dog for four reasons: elimination, mental stimulation, exercise and training. Dogs like to get outdoors, sniff and engage with their environment, exercise and possibly socialize with people and dogs outside his home. It is very important to allow your pup to stop, sniff, investigate, and mark a spot. Allowing your pet to do so is good for him mentally. Dogs gain knowledge of the world through their noses. Mentally stimulating walks will improve your dogs' maturity, growth and satisfaction.At last, dog sit is in fact extremely favorable. Even though the majority of the population would consider this a crude act and not very neighborly, I believe this method of dog walking is beneficial for the home/business owner, the dog walker and certainly the dog itself. Senseless Dog Walkers It is estimated, that there are 73 million dogs in the United-States. Each of those dogs needs to release their bowels like 20 times a day. And those twenty times, better not be on my lawn. This is a major pet peeve of mine and many other people.I hate when inconsiderate dog walkers allow their pet to get rid of their excrement aimlessly (like in someone's yard) and they do not pick it up. Most of my neighbors German Sheppard poops on my lawn, they're foolish if they think I won't notice. Yes, you could assume that I'm already picking up my own dogs' waste, however I need a dozen grocery bags to pick up re-appearing dog feces and it could take precious hours out of my day! I loathe, truly loathe ignorant people who think this is acceptable. It can ruin your reputation within the neighborhood, it can cause problems for the homeowner and it can also put your pet in danger.Allowing your pet to generate excrement on someone's lawn or on private property, could create many social problems for yourself. As soon as someone notices a stranger in front of their property, they will be curious but yet, still concerned. As a result, they will probably make a racy comment wondering why you aren't picking it up. This may ruin your chances of making a new acquaintance. It will most likely gain you a new enemy. Speaking of, there is a great way to get revenge against your enemy. Proteins â€Å"The Solution for Responsible Dog Owners† is a business primarily based in Chicago.They feed off of this pet peeve because smart homeowners, like myself, that are frustrated with the amount of waste in their yard, will pay for a Proteins kit. They collect a DNA sample of the feces and bring it into the lab to be tested. Once they identify a DNA match, they will notify you so that you can identify the perpetrator and administer at least a hundred dollar fine. I think we are boosting he economy, without us reacting homeowners, Proteins would not have a business and many people would be Jobless. In other words, dog excrement all over the lawn is never a blessing for the homeowner.Manure is said to be used as fertilizer and worms enjoy it especially for feeding. However, common worms growing in soil are already disgusting and slimy to have around the yard, not to mention: hookworms, tapeworms and toreadors which can be found in dog feces which humans are also capable of contracting. For example, in the Four Mile Run watershed in Northern Virginia, a dog population of 1,400 is estimated to contribute about 5,000 pounds of solid waste every day and has been identified as a major contributor of bacteria in their water.Your pet may be up to date with its vaccinations, but neighborhood dogs can carr y nasty diseases and worms that can accompany any dog pooh in question. The most significant reason to avoid allowing dogs to lick your face and mouth is because they could have recently come into contact with said contaminated excrement; there is a chance the parasites will be passed directly into your mouth. Children are especially venerable o infection because they tend to enjoy playing in the dirt, where parasites such as hookworm larvae like to lay.Young children may also put dirty hands or toys in their mouth, further increasing the chance for the consumption of infectious material. Besides, the homeowner's dog can be put in uncomfortable situations and also in danger. The strange dogs walking are often unleashed and could potentially be vicious and attack your pet. Let's say there is a female dog innocently minding her own business on her property and suddenly an unleashed male dog decides he wants to mate, she may not have been fixed and then she could end up carrying his pu ppies.That will end up causing her a lot of pain and you several problems, including more expenses, responsibility, labor. It is good for your dog to interact with others however, only when both canines are comfortable and happy with one appearance. You certainly don't need added stress to everyday life, especially when your pet can sense your troubles because they live off of their owners' vibes. It would put your pet into a possible doggy depression stage. Finally, there are billions of logical reasons why dog owners need to pick up their pets feces no matter where it lands.Clearly no one wants to track the mess into their home, work, stores if by surprise; it was clumped under the sole of their shoe. If the unknown feces are not disposed of properly, it could potentially put your pet in danger; the dog walker will gain new enemies and it could entail terrible conditions for the home/business owner. Everyone needs to take this into consideration next time they bring their pet for some exercise; if it defecates, be a conscientious owner and pick it up! This will greatly help everyone in the neighborhood including yourself and your pet. Why own a pet if you can't own up to their mess?