Climate Change Politics Essay Sample free essay sample

Kyoto Protocol –* December 1997* Signed by 168 states* First internationally legal binding mark for the decrease of green house gas emanations * Target – cut green house gases by 12. 5 % based on the 1990 degrees by 2012 * Emphasis on developed countries- developing states. ie China and India – exempt from cuts * This protocol non enforced until 2005 * Largest sabotaging factor – USA failed to sign the protocol * KEY as USA is responsible for a one-fourth of all green house gas emanations * Why – influence of political persons. Clinton argued that the deficiency of accent on the function of developing states on the issue of clime alteration would intend the senate would non sign the protocol. * George W. Bush – clime alteration skeptic – questioned influence of worlds on clime alteration – and so publish non addressed. * Obama – encouraged positive action towards undertaking clime alteration – but small done. Merely arrived to Copenhagen Summit on last twenty-four hours – and created a weak agreement with merely a few states The Bali Road Map –* Known as the long term carbon monoxide operative action under the convention* Took topographic point 2007* Clear docket of cardinal issues to be negotiated up to 2009* These issues included: Action for accommodating to the negative effects of clime alteration. such as drouths and inundations Wayss to cut down Greenhouse Gas emanations Wayss to widely deploy climate-friendly engineerings and financing both version and extenuation steps. Adaptation Fund. The fund will assist developing states cope with the impact of clime alteration. which includes implosion therapy. drouths. heat moving ridges and rises in sea degree. It will be financed by the Clean Development Mechanism. It was agreed that version should be extenuation as a precedence. Break down of the â€Å"Berlin wall† between developing states and developed states. which means that developing states need to make their portion of cut downing C emanations. South Africa was committed to lend its just portion towards our common duty for the hereafter. * Issues – US. Japan + Canada opposed to the emanations ends * South Africa called on the USA to demo increased leading * Intensified competition between developed and developing universe Copenhagen-* 2009* Large construct up A ; high outlooks – earlier conferences had achieved small * Environmental groups + militants had built up public expectation+ taken portion in civic lobbying – outlooks were high * But – failed to present * States stand foring their ain national involvements and economic ends in front of international consensus * No understandings made* Obama – a ‘no show’ until the last twenty-four hours – failed to move as the world’s hegemonic president – he struggled to supply any leading * BUT – non a complete failure – the negotiations produced the Copenhagen agreement * Accord between the USA. China. Brazil. India and South Africa * Was recognized by 193 states * Highlighted the demand to restrict planetary temperature rises to no more than 2 grades above pre industrial degrees * Accord besides promised to present 30 bn USD to developing states over the following three old ages A ; 100 bn USD a twelvemonth by 2020 to assist hapless states cope with the impacts of clime alteration – would go known as the Green Climate Fund * 30 bn USD was non raised – merely reached 20 bn USD – half of which was provided by Japan – how money would be raised was ill-defined and so has been unsuccessful * Accord non lawfully adhering – but – calls made across the universe – note – Banki Moon Durban –* 2011* 2 hebdomads of dialogues* 195 parties to the UN clime alteration convention agreed on a route map * Idea proposed by EU* Attempted to pull up legal model for clime action by 2015 * Success – all states. developed and developing – including China + USA – signed up to lawfully adhering marks * BUT – still ill-defined – to what widen can planetary heating be curbed – this reflected in the extenuation marks states adopt * Durban understanding includes an recognition that there is a widening spread between the extenuation attempts presently promised and those required to maintain warming within the loosely recognized 2 °C safety bound. Doha –* 2012* Viewed as a stepping rock to the negotiations in 2015* BUT – argued that certain accomplishments were made – developed and developing states working together to organize a new planetary understanding * Structure of dialogues changed – developed and developing states sat together in one forum – antecedently divisions were of all time turning – ex Copenhagen * Doha has besides agreed that there will be a 2nd commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol * 37 states have signed for a 2nd stage * It will run from 1 January 2013 to 31 December. Jointly. these states will cut down their emanations 18 % below their 1990 degree between 2013-2020 * Issue of ‘hot air’ resolved – excess fresh C credits * Notes from after the clime alteration talk with Peter Vis The hereafter – Paris 2015 Peter Vis – is the UN tantrum to undertake the issue of clime alteration? Mr. Vis questioned this. Six twelvemonth spread between major conferences – Copenhagen and Paris – is this effectual? Many conferences are uneffective – Copenhagen – and so a six twelvemonth spread is uneffective. Conferences in between – following twelvemonth – Warsaw – seen as a write off. Why are the conferences merely successful every 6 old ages? The political procedure is so drawn out. Influence of the media and force per unit area groups – for illustration – Greenpeace Peter Vis stated that there would be a greater opportunity for co-operation over clime alteration in a smaller forum – he suggested the G20- the 20 richest states in the universe. Vis besides suggested the UN – but he believes that the UN is a confusing procedure for many delegates – if the organisation is confounding – covering with the issue of clime alteration will be confounding. Mechanisms within the EU to cut down emanations – extenuation and efficiency – EU policy on this – C trading. BUT – the issue with this – companies sell their excess quotas to other companies who go over their quotation mark. This puts an economic value on pollution – and this incentivizes concern. The implicit in issue with this is that it is non effectual. as the value of C has become excessively low. Hot air – the purchasing of trim excesss from states with states whom have a big left over quota of C. This is now banned in the EU – but this is still possible in other states – notably Russia – where the issue derived from. New EU budget – 20 % of the budget will travel to ‘climate related issues’ – money non comparative to the clime alteration committee. Part of that 20 % could travel to the conveyance committee – so that they can better conveyance substructure to go more effectual. Adaption – adapt to the effects of clime alteration. Much of the EU budget will travel to version schemes. Peter Vis does non believe that we will make the 2 degree bound of temperature rises – but that it will in fact go to four – the marks are merely unapproachable. He suggested that the manner to undertake this is to contrive and introduce new engineering that can accommodate to climate alteration. ‘Necessity is the female parent of invention’ – Boserup – Peter Vis quoted this Mention to Bangladesh – what will go on at that place – due to ongoing deluging – there will be increased out migration and people seek safety – and this will make struggle within neighbouring states where refugees flee to. This is the hereafter for hapless and climatically unstable states who will in future resort to resource wars. Doha – a positive consequence – extended the Kyoto Protocol to 2020 – with 31 states subscribing up to the extension. However – this is still hapless as many have non agreed to protocol. The hereafter? – Paris 2015 should bring forth a new lawfully adhering understanding that will be ratified at a cardinal conference in 2020 – therefore – action will so get down to be taken in 2020. On one side – you have the job of states who won’t subscribe up to lawfully adhering understandings – this undermines the efforts to collaborate over climate alteration – but on the other side – you have economic and political mechanisms for version.

Review on Android Application Development Business System

Question: Describe the Review on Android Application Development for Business System. Answer: Review on Week 2: In the week 2 slide of the Mobile application development the activities, fragments and intents are discussed. The slide states the life cycle of the activities and the use of fragments for customizing the user interface of the application. The slide also helped to understand the idea of intent. The user interface of an application contains the activity window and for the development of an application zero or more activities can be used. The activities are used to make the interaction process attractive. There are different types of activities like onCreate(), onResume(), etc. and they can be used to display a process dialog (Meier 2012). The activities can be linked with the intents and it enables the different activities used in different application to work jointly. It may happen that there are two intents with same name and in this case the user is required to choose the default intent. The data can be passed over the different activities using the intent. The fragments are used to develop an application but the lower version of android does not support this feature, many of the activities consists of the fragments. Multiple fragments can be combined to form an activity and it can be reused multiple times in the app (Annuzzi, Darcey and Conder 2014). The fragment can be added dynamically and for this the fragment manager can be used. The fragment is used to call the built-in applications and for calling the intent is used. The intents can pair the data and the actions and it also helps to notify the user displaying notification messages. Review of Week 3: The user interface is the main component of an android application because the user interacts with the system through the UI of the application. A pre built user interface is provided for the development of the application and different modules are provided that helps the developer to build an attractive graphical user interface (Lee 2012). Other modules can also be added which adds extra interface like notification, dialogs and menus. The menu bars used in the application can be replaced by action bars. The action bars are highly customable and are used in most of the application as a default paradigm for navigation. The action bars gives the user a familiar user experience and the user finds it easy to use the app. The user interface can be created using programs and codes. Horizontal view swiping can be applied with the application of ViewPager, and the activities in the view can be overridden (Clark et al. 2012). The ViewPager uses XML layout and it can be reused in multiple sect ion of the application. The implementation of the navigation panel can also be used in the development of the user interface of the application and it allows the developer to add navigation drawer, provide back navigation, etc. Multiple screens can also be built with different screen size such that the application can run on different devices with different screen size (Sokolova, Lemercier and Garcia 2013). The views can b registered in each of the windows to pop up notification and handle the multiple views of a single event. Review of Week 4: There are different view classes like the TextView, Button, EditText, ImageButton, ImageView, Radio button, Spinner, Radio group, AutoCompleteTextView. The view classes are used in android app development it generally inhabits a major portion of the screen and is used in the frames of the application (Holla and Katti 2012). The views creates the output and the input fields of the app. The fields may be of different types like text field, image field or radio field. The view group acts as the layout to hold the different view properties. The developed contains the views nested in different view classes. The text view is a class and holds the text contents and allows the user to view or enter texts or numbers. The image view is used to displays image in the application (Dalmasso et al. 2013). The checkbox is used to select more than one option or one option provided to the user. The radio button allows the user to select an element and the other element provided is automatically unchec ked. The button view creates a button on the screen and can be of different types like image button or normal button (Darcey and Conder 2012). There are other views like the progress bar view which shows the progress of the task running in background, autocomplete text view that shows a list of suggestion to complete the process, picker view that allows the user to select the date and time. Using the views the usability of the application can be increased the list view can be applied to display a list of items and allowing the user to select their choice from them. The spinner view can also be used for selecting and fragments can be used to customize the user interface and list the items from an array and save their preference for the application. Review on week 5: In the previous week we have learned about the various views that can be used to build the application. The fifth week presentation states the use of the views to display images and creation of different types of menus. The menus can be of two types such as the optional menus and the context menus. Previously the views were used to display text but images can also be displayed using the view the function used to display image is the imageView, ImageSwitcher, GridView and gallery (Holla and Katti 2012). In the gallery view the image is displayed in a centrally locked horizontal scrolling list. The image switcher works with the gallery view and animation and transition are added in this type of view. The grid view is used to display the images in a two dimensional scrolling array. The option menu is used in the application to display information of the current activity. It can be activated touching on the menu option. The context menu is used to display the information of a particular view and it is activated by long pressing the menu option. For creating an option menu in the application two methods are needed to be implemented in an activity i.e. onCreateOptionMenu() and onOptionsItemSelected() (Plaza et al. 2013). There are some additional views like the analog and the digital clock views used to display the current time and web views that allows web contents to be displayed in the activity. Review on data persistence The data persistence is used in the application development in android and it is mainly used to reuse the data in different parts of the application. There are two types of persistent techniques to save the small lumps of data in shared preference i.e. using traditional file system and RDBMS with SQLite database (Mednieks et al. 2013). Different techniques are discussed that would help in the creation of private data and access it. The data can be stored in files using the FileInputStream or FileOutputStream class. The storage option for storing the data is required to be chosen by the developer and it can be modified later. Review on Week 6: The content providers are used in the application development process to access a structured data sets. The data can be encapsulated and thus this increases the security of the data. The content providers act as a standard interface to connect the data of one process with the code of another process. ContentResolver and ContentProvider can be used to communicate with the provider (Wei et al. 2012). The android OS itself contains content provider and it manages the contact information, audio and videos and it can be accessed by the application for usage. There are pre-defined query strings that can be used as a resource for the application. Filters can be added in the content provider for building custom content provider (Holla and Katti 2012). To build a content provider is necessary to design a data storage and designing the content URI. The SQLite can be used for managing the database. Review on Week 7: Some extra feature can be added to the application like sending SMS messages for verification of the registered mobile number or send email from the application. Adding this feature in the application would make it attractive and tracking function can also be added to it. The SMS messages can be sent programmatically using the built in SMS app but there is a need to set user permission before using the SMS service. Receiving the SMS message need the object BroadcastReceiver and it enables to fetch information from the default SMS application (Darcey and Conder 2012). It is also required to prevent other application to get the messages and thus a small programming is need to done that would block other apps to fetch information. The activity of the application should run in background such that when any message is received it displays the message on the screen. For sending emails from the application the user have to configure their account or it can be done programmatically or by usi ng the default built in application (Dalmasso et al. 2013). Review on location based service For combining the google map with the app the gps of the mobile is used. This can accurately locate the current position of the device. For setting up the new project phonegap or eclipse can be used. The integration of the google map in the application can be used as a location tracker (Bugiel et al. 2012). The address of a particular location can be fetched and the location feature can also be used to detect the current position. Reverse geocoding can be applied to calculate the longitude and latitude of the selected position and find the address of that location. Review on Week 8: The application developed might need to gather data from the internet and update the information available in the system and for this there is different approach. HTTP, XML, Jason or socket service can be used to connect to the internet. The HTTP is used to download the webpages and other binary data like videos, gifs, or audios. Permission must be granted to the app to use the internet (Jackson 2013). There are pre-defined methods that can be called to operate different task like downloading or decoding. The downloading process can run in background to increase the usability of the application. If some plain text is downloaded they are stored in strings. The web services are accessed using the XML files at first the web service is connected and the contents are stored in the XML file. Using XML files can increase the size and cost, it requires more CPU resource and thus reduces the efficiency of the application. Thus an alternative of the XML i.e. Jason (Java Script Object Notation) is used to store the web contents (Linares-Vsquez et al. 2015). The response of a web service is read as a string in JSON and the string is stored in an array. Socket programming can also be used for more secure connection to the server. The Http connection is stateless and for more secure application this cannot be used and thus socket programming come into play. It is used for the chat servers for one to one communication (Georgiev et al. 2012). The socket programming uses the TCP/IP protocol the message is sent to the server and the server return the message to the destination client. Review on Week 9: Developing the android service is the most important factor for the success of an application. The application are built that uses less resource and runs smoothly in background without using the user interface. The overriding function are used to create this service like onBind(), onStart() or onDestroy() (Gargenta and Nakamura 2014).The services are declared with a tag and intent and the long processes are kept in separate thread in the AsyncTask class. Timer can be added for the long process that would run the service after a defined interval. The application must be tested before going online and for the testing the developers must use a methodology. It is required to have a proper analysis of the working criteria of the built application and the targeted device on which the app should work. The testing is much important for the success of the application because there are numerous apps available in the market and the user finds the app unresponsive and lacks in some feature, they quickly moves to a new app (Zhang et al. 2013). The testing should be done on the quality of the application and it should be noted that the application meets all the user requirements. There are many testing through which the application have to pass like the functional, lab, performance, memory interrupt, usability, installation and certification testing. The application should be tested in multiple devices with different screen size and hardware configuration. Review on Week 10: The application developed should be attractive with an attractive icon that defines the application. The use of the splash screen can also make the application attractive, screenshots can be added in the app store to make the user understand the application. A short description about the working of the application would also make the user confident to use the app. When the application is submitted in the app store it should be categorized and a relevant keyword is also needed that would be used to search the app. For making the application available in the app store the needs to be verified and 30% of the profit is required to be paid to the app store at an interval of 30 days. The revenue invested in the advertisement of the app is exempted and all the terms and condition must be read carefully. The marketing strategy for the promotion of the application can be developed by answer a set of questions like who are the targeted users, what are their requirements and if it is fulfilled by the application, etc. The apps are generally built by a third party company and they must built it to make it a successful product. A number of strategies can be applied for the promotion of the app like offering free version of the app, subscription based service, selling ads through the app, etc. A proper analysis should be done on the present market condition and adopt policy to survive in the market with the competitors. Review on Week 11: In the week 11 the difference between the research and the scholarship is taught. The scholarship is the process of different study materials from different sources. Research is a process used for the analysis of the current system and collection of data about the system. This lesson is taught to make us understand about the positive and the negative effect of using the mobile technology (Gudmundsson et al. 2016). The definition of science is also taught and ways to gather knowledge is described in the lesson. The important terms of philosophy and the use of the knowledge for the analysis are also taught. Some of the important terms like the Metaphysics, Ontology and Epistemology are also discussed in this week. Ethics and its paradigm are discussed; there is different approach for the identification of the paradigm such as the Interpretive, critical and logico-empirical paradigm (Jackson 2013). The historical overview of the empiricism, rationalism, philosophy, logico-empirical para digm is also discussed in the class week 11. The interpretive or constructivist and critical theories are also discussed in the class. Lastly the research process model is discussed and the steps involved in the development of the model are taught and the type of research that is to be performed is also discussed in the class. References Annuzzi, J., Darcey, L. and Conder, S., 2014.Introduction to Android application development: Android essentials. Pearson Education. Bugiel, S., Davi, L., Dmitrienko, A., Fischer, T., Sadeghi, A.R. and Shastry, B., 2012, February. Towards Taming Privilege-Escalation Attacks on Android. InNDSS(Vol. 17, p. 19). Clark, D., Edmonds, C., Moore, A., Harlow, J., Allen, K., Winchester, W.W., McCrickard, D.S. and Estabrooks, P., 2012, May. Android application development to promote physical activity in adolescents. InCTS(pp. 566-568). Dalmasso, I., Datta, S.K., Bonnet, C. and Nikaein, N., 2013, July. Survey, comparison and evaluation of cross platform mobile application development tools. In2013 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)(pp. 323-328). IEEE. Darcey, L. and Conder, S., 2012.Android Wireless Application Development Volume I: Android Essentials. Addison-Wesley. Gargenta, M. and Nakamura, M., 2014.Learning Android: Develop Mobile Apps Using Java and Eclipse. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Georgiev, M., Iyengar, S., Jana, S., Anubhai, R., Boneh, D. and Shmatikov, V., 2012, October. The most dangerous code in the world: validating SSL certificates in non-browser software. InProceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security(pp. 38-49). ACM. Gudmundsson, V., Lindvall, M., Aceto, L., Bergthorsson, J. and Ganesan, D., 2016. Model-based Testing of Mobile Systems--An Empirical Study on QuizUp Android App.arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.00503. Holla, S. and Katti, M.M., 2012. Android based mobile application development and its security.International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology,3(3), pp.486-490. Jackson, W., 2013. Android Intents: Inter-Application Programming. InLearn Android App Development(pp. 383-410). Apress. Lee, W.M., 2012.Beginning android 4 application Development. John Wiley Sons. Linares-Vsquez, M., White, M., Bernal-Crdenas, C., Moran, K. and Poshyvanyk, D., 2015, May. Mining android app usages for generating actionable gui-based execution scenarios. InProceedings of the 12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories(pp. 111-122). IEEE Press. Mednieks, Z., Meike, G.B., Dornin, L. and Pan, Z., 2013.Enterprise Android: Programming Android Database Applications for the Enterprise. John Wiley Sons. Meier, R., 2012.Professional Android 4 application development. John Wiley Sons. Plaza, I., Demarzo, M.M.P., Herrera-Mercadal, P. and Garca-Campayo, J., 2013. Mindfulness-based mobile applications: Literature review and analysis of current features.JMIR mHealth and uHealth,1(2), p.e24. Sokolova, K., Lemercier, M. and Garcia, L., 2013. Android passive MVC: a novel architecture model for the android application development. InProceedings of the fifth international conference on pervasive patterns and applications (PATTERNS13). IARIA(pp. 7-12). Wei, X., Gomez, L., Neamtiu, I. and Faloutsos, M., 2012, August. ProfileDroid: multi-layer profiling of android applications. InProceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking(pp. 137-148). ACM. Zhang, Y., Yang, M., Xu, B., Yang, Z., Gu, G., Ning, P., Wang, X.S. and Zang, B., 2013, November. Vetting undesirable behaviors in android apps with permission use analysis. InProceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer communications security(pp. 611-622). ACM.

Latina Poetry as an Expression of Cultural Heritage Flashcard

Latina Poetry as an Expression of Cultural Heritage

Free Essays on On An Experience Of A Life Time

On My Experience of a Life Time On a Sunday afternoon, last January, I was enjoying the Super Bowl with my family. While watching the game, something made me remember of the times I used to watch soccer games with my host parents. My brother shouting with a glee as his team scored a goal and my father clapping, reminded me of the days in Brazil where the football craze and support for their national teams pushed emotions to a fever-pitch. That afternoon get-together with my family brought back all my memories as an exchange student to Brazil. I had been sent to Brazil as an exchange student. An exchange student is a student from one country received into an institution in another country to learn about the culture and the tradition of that country. On a personal level, these programs teach relationship skills, build a positive attitude towards life, and raise confidence during difficult times. Before I was sent to Brazil, I was a very different person- Different in the sense of personality as we ll as in my outlook towards life. I was an extrovert and a timid kind of person. Until then I never knew how challenging life could be. My mother always encouraged me to learn different activities but I was never interested in learning new things. They encouraged me to learn the folk dance and music of India, in which I was never interested. My dad wanted me to see the world and understand that there are different cultures other than where I was brought up. He wanted me to understand that cultures could be extremely different from the place to place. They might be friendly or they might not be and some practices might seem outrageous to me, while some might make me wish that I were born in that culture. All these experiences add up to make you a more complete individual. He thought that sending me to Brazil was a wonderful opportunity, which could push me to get out of the cocoon that I had built around m... Free Essays on On An Experience Of A Life Time Free Essays on On An Experience Of A Life Time On My Experience of a Life Time On a Sunday afternoon, last January, I was enjoying the Super Bowl with my family. While watching the game, something made me remember of the times I used to watch soccer games with my host parents. My brother shouting with a glee as his team scored a goal and my father clapping, reminded me of the days in Brazil where the football craze and support for their national teams pushed emotions to a fever-pitch. That afternoon get-together with my family brought back all my memories as an exchange student to Brazil. I had been sent to Brazil as an exchange student. An exchange student is a student from one country received into an institution in another country to learn about the culture and the tradition of that country. On a personal level, these programs teach relationship skills, build a positive attitude towards life, and raise confidence during difficult times. Before I was sent to Brazil, I was a very different person- Different in the sense of personality as we ll as in my outlook towards life. I was an extrovert and a timid kind of person. Until then I never knew how challenging life could be. My mother always encouraged me to learn different activities but I was never interested in learning new things. They encouraged me to learn the folk dance and music of India, in which I was never interested. My dad wanted me to see the world and understand that there are different cultures other than where I was brought up. He wanted me to understand that cultures could be extremely different from the place to place. They might be friendly or they might not be and some practices might seem outrageous to me, while some might make me wish that I were born in that culture. All these experiences add up to make you a more complete individual. He thought that sending me to Brazil was a wonderful opportunity, which could push me to get out of the cocoon that I had built around m...

Recently History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recently History - Essay Example the southern African Americans faced a great deal of problems in the 1915-16, They were denied the right to vote, lived under severe poverty, faced crop infestation which affected them greatly as most of them were occupational farmers and most importantly they lived under heavy debt. Lack of facilitation and opportunities in the south prompted them to migrate to the north where the urban areas had flourish in the wake of the war. Since Europe was in the midst of a sever war that had haltered its economic progress, the United States became the facilitators in this case for the war torn countries. As a result not only did it strengthen economically, it also hosted a number of quality and well-paying job, a feature absent in the south (Exhibitions.nypl.org). They war had opened many avenues for them in the economic world of production and services and hence, the southern blacks moved to the north in search of greener pastures. This migration is known as the great migration in history an d played a great role in revolutionizing the black community in the United States. The female black population of the United States was positively affected as well. They contributed to the war efforts and as a result were able to get equitable jobs in the country as well. They became politically active as well and provided significant support to the black soldiers as a result. Many war service organizations specifically for women were also established like the Red Cross, Womens Auxiliary of the New York 15th National Guard etc. and thus, they were accepted as a strong opinionated part of the American population. Many instances also depict the increased employee sense that these minorities developed and retaliated against their white employees for due employee rights they were denied. Where the black Americans saw progress and growth at the war time, another minority faced dire consequences. Majority of the American population consisted of foreigners. Even though the german-americans

Advantages and Disadvantages of Pre-Coding Assignment

Advantages and Disadvantages of Pre-Coding - Assignment Example I cannot oppose the fact highlighted by Rousseau that indeed pre-coding is part and parcel of each research. The point is further made clear that pre-coding is a foundation of early planning and maintaining focus on essential parts of the research. I can add that pre-coding enables elimination of unwanted or unnecessary information that can, in turn, be misleading to the researcher and the readers. On the other hand, Rousseau failed to mention the disadvantages of pre-coding, but I think it is because he noted more of its benefits than the drawbacks it will bring in the topic of discussion. I find Donna’s arguments over the advantages of pre-coding to be very rational. To her, pre-coding is not just an activity, but a skill to be mastered by every researcher if he or she wants to summarize the data and at the same time retain all the vital data. Just like she refers to Patton’s (2002) suggestion on the process of organizing data, so do I strongly support that four steps are a must. Even though she argues that its disadvantage is that it works well only in a large amount of data, this may be a challenge and an opportunity for the researcher to be keener when handling errors.

Essay about a song Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About a song - Essay Example The lines â€Å"Winter is over, Summer is near,† (Krall lines 3-4) etched its symbolism into my head as pictures and memories filled in my mind. The lines depicted the change of seasons—for me, it symbolized the amount of change that happened in my life from the age of eight. I decided then and there to pause for a moment and letting out a soft sigh, I let the memories of childhood come back to me. The song didn’t stop and continued to play in the once silent room. More of the lyrics struck me as it continued to play. Diana sang on, saying that â€Å"I wished it would rain, washing away the sadness and tears,† (Krall lines 14-15), whether she meant it literally or not, I interpret it in relation to childhood experiences. The lines could mean that sometimes, being a kid is about being happy and that there are times when a grown up misses the life where there were a lot less responsibilities. I may not be a full fledged grown up but I can relate to the song where there are times I wish I could go back the time when all I would worry about is what game to play with the other kids in the neighborhood; when all I would think about it enjoying a worry-free life. The water from the rain symbolizes the power of the rain to cleanse a certain item—for those who are not kids anymore, it is to forget the worries and responsibilities for a moment and return to a life of innocence even for the quickest time. This time around, the song was nearing its end when another couple of lines caught my attention, â€Å"I stood there in the salt spray air,† (Krall line 19) the salt spray air could symbolize the air by the salty sea—according to a Carl Jung, a psychologist, in dreams, the sea itself symbolized uncertainty and vastness (qtd in Spoinas). It can pertain to life—anyone’s life, in general, where uncertainty is constantly present. Dangers and opportunities can be found in any corner and we are left